Objective To investigate the differences of drug resistance between Uygur and Han patients with chronic hepatitis B in Hetian prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Methods 1218 Uygur and 70 Han patients with chronic hepatitis B（CHB） receiving lamivudine （LAM） and/or adefovir （ADV） between March 2015 and January 2016 were admitted to Infectious Disease Hospital,Hetian prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. The rt L180M, rtM204I/V,rtA181T/V and rtN236T mutation of HBV were detected by DNA microarray. Results The proportion of drug-resistant HBV infection in Han patients with CHB was 25.7%,much higher than 18.3% in Uygur patients（P=0.014）;the proportion of men and women in Uygur patients with CHB was 1019/199,while the proportion in Han patients with CHB was 57/13（P=0.087）;the ratio of Uygur men with resistance-positive HBV infection was significantly higher than in Han（P=0.039）;serum HBV DNA levels in Uygur patients with HBV mutation was [（5.3±0.9）lg copies/ml],much lower than in Han[（6.1±0.7） lg copies/ml,P=0.012];in Uygur patients with genotypic resistance,serum ALT level was （157.6±25.9） u/L,AST was （67.1±13.2） U/L and bilurubin was （41.8±11.6） μmol/L,much lower than in Han patients[（203.7±45.1） U/L,（85.9±22.7） U/L,（57.4±13.5） μmol/L，respectively，P<0.05 or P<0.01]；the average age in Uygur and Han patients were（37.9±10.8） yr and （38.8±12.1） yr，without significant difference （P>0.05）；serum HBeAg positive rates in Uygur and Han patients were 18.6% and 14.3%，without significant difference（P=0.061）；rtL180M，rtM204I，rtM204V，rtA180T，rtA180V and rtN236T mutation of LAM and/or ADV were detected positive in 241 Uygur and Han patients. The rtA1181T/V in positive rates in Uygur and Han patients were 18.4% and 16.7%，respectively，（P>0.05），while the rtA1181T/V in Uygur patients was higher than in Han patients（P<0.05）；the rtL180M，rtM204I/V，and rtN236T positive rates in Uygur and Han patients were 38.6% and 38.9%，27.4% and 27.8%，and 15.7% and 16.7%，respectively，without significant differences（P>0.05）. Conclusion Han patients with CHB have a higher proportion of drug-resistant，and Uygur male proportion is relatively higher in patients with viral mutation. Serum HBV DNA，ALT AST and bilirubin levels are higher in Han patients with CHB. There is a significant difference in rtA181T/V mutation between the two groups.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of nucleos（t）ide analogue monotherapy for treatment of naive patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods A systematic review of related databases was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nucleos（t）ides in adult patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB）. Only randomized controlled trials were included. The evaluated outcomes included undetectable HBV DNA,ALT normalization,HBeAg loss and HBeAg seroconversion at the end of 1 year treatment. Stata13 was applied to perform this network Meta-analysis. Results In 14 RCTs included,a total of 5720 patients with CHB were recruited,and out of them,1396 cases were treated with ETV,982 with LdT,2015 with LAM,783 with TDF,and 544 with ADV. As respect to undetectable serum HBV DNA,the sucra values of five agents were as follows：TDF（88.5%）,ETV（79.9%）,LdT（55.4%）,LAM（19.9%） and ADV（6.2%）;As for ALT normalization,the sucra values were as follows：ETV（95.9%）,TDF（56.6%）,LdT（44.6%）,ADV（34.1%）and LAM（18.8%）;for HBeAg loss,the sucra values were as follows：LdT（80.2%）,TDF（76.2%）,ETV（42.5%）,LAM（27.4%） and ADV（23.7%）;for HBeAg seroconversion,the sucra values were as follows：LdT（79.9%）,TDF（66.5%）,ETV（39.1%）,LAM（35.5%）and ADV（29.0%）. Conclusion TDF is the best in undectable serum HBV DNA,ETV is the best in ALT normalization and LdT is the best in HBeAg loss and/or HBeAg seroconversion。

Objectives To investigate the changes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and IL-2 in patients with chronic hepatitis B（CHB） receiving Bupleurum Jiedu decoction combined with adefovir dipivoxil （ADV） therapy. Methods 60 patients with CHB were recruited in our hospital between December 2013 and March 2015. They were treated with Bupleurum Jiedu decoction in group A （n=20）,with ADV in group B （n=20） and with both in group C（n=20）. All regimens lasted for 12 months. Serum HBV markers and IL-2 were detected by ELISA,and T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results At the end of 12-month treatment,the serum HBV DNA loss,ALT normalization rate and HBeAg negative rate in group C were 85.00%,80.00% and 80.00%,much higher than in group A（50.00%,65.00% and 45.00%,respectively） or in group B（65.00%,55.00% and 50.00%,respectively,P<0.05）;the proportion of peripheral CD3⁺T cells and CD4⁺T cells and ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ cells in groups C were（65.2±9.6）%,（28.4±7.2）% and（1.1±0.3）,significantly different as compared to those in group A 【（57.5±8.7）%,（45.7±5.4）% and（1.8±0.6）, respectively or group B（55.7±6.3）%,（23.2±9.5）% and（0.9±0.1）,respectively,P<0.05];the proportion of CD8⁺T cells in group C was （25.3±4.1）%,much lower than in group B [（28.7±4.3） %,P<0.05];the proportion of NK cells in group C was not significantly different as compared to that in group A or in group B（P>0.05）,while serum IL-2 level【（3.6±0.8）ng/mL】 was much higher than in group B【（2.8±0.5）ng/mL,P<0.05】;the increased CD4⁺T cells was positively correlated to serum HBV DNA loss in group A（P<0.05） and the increased CD3⁺T cells, decreased CD8⁺T cells and increased NK cells were positively correlated to serum HBV DNA loss in group C（P<0.05）. Conclusions The application of Bupleurum Jiedu decoction combined with adefovir dipivoxil can adjust lymphocyte dysfunction,break immune tolerance and improve the recovery of liver functions.

Objective To investigate the change of liver function index and its correlation to blood lipids in patients with acute viral hepatitis （AVH）. Methods A total of 185 patients with AVH （47 cases of acute hepatitis A,63 cases of acute hepatitis B,4 cases of acute hepatitis C,39 cases of acute hepatitis E and 32 cases of acute undefined type of hepatitis） and 53 healthy people were recruited in this study. The serum levels of triglyceride（TG）,cholesterol（CHO）,high-density lipoprotein（HDL）,low density lipoprotein （LDL）,alanine aminotransferase （ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST） and total bilirubin （TBIL） were measured. The SPSS 19.0 software was used and statistical analysis included parametric Methods （ANOVA,Pearson’s correlation coefficient） and nonparametric tests （Mann-Whitney U test,Spearman’s correlations coefficient）. Results The TBIL and TG in patients with acute hepatitis E [169.9（94.1~227.2） μmol/L and 2.44 （1.74~3.07） mmol/L] were higher than those in patients with acute hepatitis A [95.8（65.9~124.1） μmol/L and 1.9 （1.5~2.7） mmol/L],acute hepatitis B[65.2（38.9~126.3） μmol/L and 1.4（1.1~1.9） mmol/L],and acute undefined hepatitis [66.0（23.8~148.9） μmol/L and [2.2（0.8~1.3） mmol/L,P<0.01];serum CHO,HDL and LDL levels in patients with acute hepatitis E[（3.15±0.91） mmol/L,0.2（0.1~0.5） mmol/L and（1.6±0.7） mmol/L] were lower than those in patients with acute hepatitis A [（3.3±0.8） mmol/L,0.4（0.2~0.8） mmol/L and（1.8±0.7） mmol/L],acute hepatitis B[（3.5±0.8） mmol/L,0.6（0.3~0.9） mmol/L and （1.9±0.8） mmol/L], and acute undefined hepatitis [（3.9±1.0） mmol/L,0.7（0.4~1.0） mmol/L and [（2.2±0.8） mmol/L,P<0.05];there were significant negative correlation between ALT and CHO,HDL and LDL（r=0.478,r=0.524,r=0.416,P<0.01）,and between serum TBIL and CHO,HDL and LDL （r=-0.469,r=-0.713,r=-0.508,P<0.01）;there were significant positive correlation between serum TBIL and TG（r=0.629,P<0.01）. Conclusion The serum TG,CHO,HDL and LDL may be a sensitive indicator of liver function changes in patients with AVH.

Objective With the development of wireless network technology,mobile medical service develop rapidly,and the liver disease management applications （apps） based on smart phone emerge gradually. The aim of this study is to analyze the mainstream liver disease management apps’ functions,and provide guidelines for users to select them. Methods Ten liver disease management apps with a certain level of popularity and good evaluations were downloaded online from mainstream mobile phone app store. Two physicians analyzed them professionally at base of self-established evaluation scores. A given apps was believed as good when the score was greater than 9,proper when it was greater than 6,and bad when it was less than 6. Results The scores were 2 to 10 generally,suggesting the online provided app being at a lower level. Some apps provided patients with online health education and communication platform,but they lacked the intelligent reminder of early warning of diseases. At the same time,those software’s quality and function varied obviously. Some softwares had no substantial contents,and were actually a public and marketing platform. Conclusion Liver disease management software app still needs further improvement,and the related administrative divisions should further standardize and guide the development of mobile medical app markets.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）. Methods 133 patients with AIH in our hospital between Jan.2005 and Dec.2015 were selected in this study. The age was 13 to 83 years-old with mean age of（55.20±12.91） years old,and the male were 20 and female were 113 cases;Patients younger than 60 years old（non-elderly group） were 85 cases,and elderly group older than 60 were 48 cases. Statistically analysis was applied to compare the clinical manifestations,biochemical indicators,immunological indexes in the two groups. Results Women were significantly more than men in patients with AIH in this study,and the coexistence of Sjogren's syndrome in non- elderly group was 20.0%,and 31.3% in the elderly group,autoimmune thyroiditis were 10.6% and 8.3%,and rheumatoid arthritis were 4.7% and 10.4% in the two groups;serum ALT,AST and ALP levels increased at a low levels,serum GGT levels increased significantly,and blood γ-globulin and IgG increased at a maximum limit of normal references;the positive rates of ANA were 80.5% in elderly group and 77.0% in non-elderly group,the AMA were 51.7% and 55.9%, the SSA were 23.3% and 15.2%,the ENA were 8.3% and 7.7%,and the DsDNA was only positive in non-elderly group （6.3%）,and the SLA/LP,LC-1 and LKM did not check out in the two groups;MCV and average of MCH in the elderly group were obviously higher than those in the non-elderly group （P<0.05）;serum Cr,urea and Cys-C levels in the elderly group was significantly higher than in the non-elderly group,and the differences between the two groups was statistically significant（P<0.01）;serum β-globulin in the non-elderly group was much higher than in the elderly group（P<0.01）. Conclusion The elderly AIH patients is similar to the non-elderly group in clinical manifestations, complicated by extrahepatic incidence of autoimmune diseases,liver biochemistry,autoantibodies,γ-globulin and IgG levels;But the MCV and MCH in the elderly group are significantly larger,suggesting that the elderly patients may be deteriorated by autoimmune gastritis;the rise of serum Cys-C in elderly patients suggests that they may be with kidney damage and serum β-globulin levels increase at a low levels in the non-elderly patients,hinting that they are prone to intrahepatic cholestasis;DsDNA is restricted to the non-elderly patients,implying that they are easy to have multiple autoimmune organ diseases.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of YinChen water extracts in rats with bovine serum albumin-induced liver fibrosis. Methods 90 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control,model,colchicines,and large（200 mg·kg^-1）,middle（100 mg·kg^-1） and low （50 mg·kg^-1） dose of YinChen water extracts intervened groups. The medicine and herbal medicine were intragastricly administered after the model had been successfully established. Serum PC III,IV-C collagen,LN,HA and hepatic hydroxyproline content were detected. The liver histopathological changes were also observed. Results The levels of serum ALT,AST,PC-Ⅲ,Ⅳ-C,LN,HA and liver tissue hydroxyproline content were（103.78±19.83） IU/L,（246.53±36.67） IU/L,（30.34±2.52） ng/ml,（29.54±2.65） ng/ml,（45.34±1.45） ng/ml,（232.51±23.66） ng/ml and （0.85±0.22） μg/mg in the large dose YinChen water extracts group,and they were（124.59±24.41） IU/L,（277.23±36.45） IU/L,（34.57±2.34） ng/ml,（34.90±2.45） ng/mL,（52.13±2.34） ng/ml,（283.14±23.75） ng/ml and（0.96±0.26） μg/mg in the middle dose group, much lower than in the model group[（161.24±26.23） IU/L,（382.45±39.45） IU/L,（41.78±3.12） ng/ml,（42.34±3.25） ng/ml,（65.14±3.81） ng/ml,（383.53±39.35） ng/ml and （1.43±0.17） μg/mg,P<0.05];serum levels of albumin in large and middle groups were （35.66±2.85）g/L and （35.78±2.64）g/L, significantly higher than in the model group[（31.32±2.15）g/L,P<0.05];Pathological examination showed that hepatic cells edema,degeneration and necrosis in colchicines,large and middle dose of YinChen water extract groups appeared significantly improved as compared with in the model group. Conclusion The YinChen water extracts has a certain therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis,and it is worth to be further studied.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate lipid ligand （DGLL） on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods The model of NAFLD was established in rats by feeding high fat diet,and then the DGLL was given with polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules （PPC） as control. Serum liver function index,blood lipids and glucose,insulin,leptin, adiponectin were detected. The expression of P-AMPKα was immunohistochemically assayed,and PPAR-γ,CPT1,GLUT-4,ACO,L-FABP and ACC mRNA were detected by real time PCR. Results The serum levels of leptin in DGLL group were （3.87±0.38） ng/ml,much lower than in the model group [（4.68±0.39） ng/ml,P<0.01] or in PPC group[（4.55±0.24） ng/ml,P<0.01];serum adiponectin levels was（12.27±0.64）μg/ml,much higher than in the model【（10.46±0.28）μg/ml,P<0.01】,while it was not significantly different from in PPC group【（12.13±0.56）μg/ml,P>0.05】;the P-AMPKα expression area in liver tissue was （8.38±3.27）%,much higher than in the model 【（1.81±0.90）%,P<0.01】 or in PPC group【（5.50±0.73）%,P<0.05】;the PPAR-γ,CPT-1,GLUT-4 mRNA in liver tissues were （1.07±0.14,0.91±0.05,1.61±0.54,respectively）,much higher than in the model 【（0.26±0.12, 0.14±0.01, 0.10±0.03,respectivelyt,P<0.05】,while the ACO mRNA was not significantly different from in the model [（0.23±0.09）vs. （0.24±0.02）,P>0.05】;the hepatic PPAR-γ and CPT-1 mRNA in PPC group were （0.65±0.16） and （0.22±0.05）,much lower than in DGLL group（P<0.05）,while the GLUT-4 and ACO mRNA were not significantly different from in the DGLL group（P>0.05）;the hepatic ACC mRNA in DGLL group was （1.67±0.23）,much lower than in the model【（3.31±0.02）,P<0.05】 or in the PPC group【（2.69±0.14）,P<0.05】;the hepatic L-FABP mRNA in DGLL group was（1.06±0.04）,much lower than in the model 【（1.26±0.02）,P<0.05】,but not significantly diferent from in PPC group【（1.06±0.09）,P>0.05】. Conclusion We found DGLL could reduce serum transaminase,blood lipids,blood glucose,insulin,HOMA-IR and leptin,increase hepatic PPAR-γ,CPT-1 and GLUT-4 mRNA and decrease the L-FABP and ACC mRNA levels in rats with NAFLD. DGLL could significantly improve liver function and lipid metabolism in NAFLD,which may be related to the activation of AMPK pathway.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with alcoholic liver disease（ALD）. Methods The clinical data of 155 patients with ALD were retrospectively analyzed from January 2014 to July 2015 in the Taizhou People's Hospital. Results Out of 155 cases,there were alcoholic fatty liver（AFL） in 24, alcoholic hepatitis（AH） in 83 and alcoholic cirrhosis（AC） in 48. The farmers and self-employed businessmen accounted for 34.8% and 21.9%,respectively;The average age was （55.5±12.2） yr old,middle-aged （45 to 59 yr old） were 44.5%;The average age of patients with AC was （63.1±12.3） yr old,significantly greater than （49.7±7.2） yr old in patients with AFL or （52.9±11.3） yr old in patients with AH （P<0.05）;The average ethanol intake in patients with AC was（157.5±69.3） g/d,significantly higher than（105.7±50.6） g/d in patients with AFL or（125.3±66.4） g/d in patients with AH（P<0.05）;The average drinking period in AC patients was （31.7±12.0） yrs,significantly longer than （22.6±6.7） yrs in patients with AFL or（22.9±10.1） yrs in patients with AH（P<0.05）;Logistic analysis showed that the age,ethanol intake and drinking period were independent risk factors for alcoholic liver cirrhosis;serum elevated GGT levels was found in 69.0%,increased erythrocyte mean corpuscular volum （MCV） was in 38.1 % and ratio of AST/ALT>2 was in only 17.4%. Conclusions Patients with ALD were mainly in middle-aged men. Age,ethanol intake and drinking period are risk factors for liver cirrhosis in ALD patients. The ratio of AST/ALT,serum GGT levels and MCV are not good indicators for patients with ALD, and the diagnosis might be dependent on comprehensive clinical data.

Objective To study the transforming growth factor α（TGF-α）-435G/A gene polymorphism in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases（NAFLD）. Methods 126 patients with NAFLD between February 2013 and February 2015 were recruited in our hospital,and 121 healthy individuals were also included at the same time as control. The polymorphism of TGF-α -435G/A gene in peripheral blood was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） and the data obtained were processed by SPSS software. Results There was no significant difference neither in the TGFα -435G/A genotypes nor the distribution of TGFα-435G/A allele between patients with NAFLD and control（P>0.05）,however,there were significant differences in AA and GG genotype frequency （39.2% vs. 25.7%,and 16.3% vs. 35.3%） and their allele frequency （61.4% vs. 45.2%,and 38.6% vs. 54.8%） between the two groups （x²=15.43,P<0.05;x²=16.32,P<0.05）;And further study showed that patients with NAFLD with different steatosis had different AA GG,AG genotype frequencies and their allele frequencies with relatively high percentage of homozygote（AA,GG） in patients with severe fatty liver diseases. Conclusions There is a certain correlation between the gene mutation of TGFα-435G/A and the incidence of NAFLD,and the frequency of different genotypes and allele might be related to the severity of NAFLD.

Objective To observe the efficacy of antiviral therapy with nucleos（t）ide analogs in patients with hepatitis B acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF）. Methods A total of 178 patients with ACLF induced by hepatitis B viral infection were divided into antiviral group（n=115） and control group（n=63）. The patients in antiviral group were given nucleos（t）ide analogs at the base of symptomatic and supporting treatment, and in the control group were not given antiviral therapy. Serum HBV DNA was assayed by PCR,and the model of end-stage liver disease（MELD） was calculated. Results At the end of 24 weeks observation,the survival rate in the antiviral group was 65.2%,much higher than in the control group（39.7%,P<0.05）;the white blood cell counts,neutrophils,platelets,hemoglobin and fibrinogen levels in survival patients receiving antiviral treatment were（7.2±1.6）×10⁹/L,（5.1±2.7） ×10⁹/L,（131.4±50.3）×10⁹/L,（143.7±14.5） g/L and（2.0±0.6） g/L,much higher than those in control group [（4.4±3.6）×10⁹/L,（2.6±3.3）×10⁹/L,（96.2±53.3）×10⁹/L,（116.5±24.4） g/L and （1.3±0.5）g/L,P<0.01]; the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio in antiviral group were（15.5±4.4） s and（1.3±0.5）,respectively,significantly lower than those in control group[（24.2±10.2） s and（2.0±1.5）,P<0.01]. Conclusion Antiviral therapy can improve the coagulation function index,peripheral blood cell counts,and the survival rate of patients with ACLF.

Objective To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of glucocortioids in treatment of patients with hepatic failure. Methods Databases including PubMed,The Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP,WanFang Data were searched for the studies on glucocorticoids for the treatment of patients with hepatic failure from inception to January 1st,2015. Two reviewers independently screened literatures,extracted data and evaluated methodological quality. Then meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.2 software. Results A total of 16 studies involving 1148 patients were included. The Results of meta-analysis showed that the glucocorticoids can significantly improve the total curative effect [RR=1.42,95%CI（1.27,1.58）,P<0.00001],reduce serum bilirubin levels [MD=-84.36,95%CI（-115.70,-53.02）,P<0.00001],improve PTA [MD=16.96,95%CI（3.46,30.47）,P=0.01], and significantly reduced mortality [RR=0.29,95%CI（0.20,0.43）,P<0.00001];The adverse events such as infections and bleedings had not significantly increased;Funnel plot showed the graph was symmetrical and might exist publication bias. Conclusions Gorticosteroids is more effective than the general supporting treatment for patients with hepatic failure, as it can reduce the mortality rate without increasing the adverse events.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasound semi-quantitative score in the diagnosis of patients with viral hepatitis B liver cirrhosis. Methods 136 patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and 364 with hepatitis B were recruited between August 2014 and December 2015 in this study. The portal vein flows,flow rates and internal diameters and semi-quantitative scores were conducted for the diagnostic validity of color Doppler ultrasound. Results The portal venous flow,velocity and diameter in cirrhotic group were （86.3±7.5） ml/min,（3.8±0.1） cm/s,（11.5±1.4） mm,significantly higher than those in patients with hepatitis B [（62.3±6.4） ml/min,（3.1±0.1） cm/s,（8.7±1.6） mm,P<0.05];the distinct of hepatic vein,hepatic surface,gallbladder,liver morphological edge,liver parenchyma,intrahepatic ligament,and the size of spleen and the total scores in patients with hepatitis B were （1.1±0.3）,（1.2±0.3）,（1.1±0.2）,（1.0±0.4）,（1.1±0.5）,（1.0±0.2）,（1.4±0.4）,（8.1±0.3）,significantly lower than in cirrhotic group [（2.6±0.3）,（4.1±1.2）,（1.9±0.3）,（1.9±1.0）,（2.7±0.4）,（1.4±0.5）,（4.1±1.6）,（15.1±1.1）,P<0.05];the sensitivity by color Doppler ultrasonic semi quantitative score in diagnosis of early hepatitis B liver cirrhosis was 96.3%,the specificity was 92.3%,the positive predictive value was 82.4%,and the negative predictive value was 98.5%. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound semi-quantitative score has high specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of early hepatitis B liver cirrhosis, which might be used as an effective method for clinical screening in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum carbohydrate antigen（CA）125,CA199, alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） and carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） in patients with live cirrhosis and primary liver cancer（PLC）. Methods Serum levels of CA125,CA199,AFP and CEA in 440 individuals were detected by ELISA,including 223 patients with liver cirrhosis,97 patients with PLC and 120 healthy persons. Results The levels of CA125 in patients with liver cirrhosis and PLC were （261.64±32.47） U/ml and （265.80±30.44 ） U/ml, CA199 were （25.73±3.39） U/ml and （30.54±3.29） U/ml,CEA were （4.03±0.36） ng/ml and （3.87±0.21） ng/ml,much higher than those[（21.25±7.66） U/ml,（18.57±8.11） U/ml and （3.08±1.05） ng/ml,P<0.05] in healthy persons;serum AFP levels in patients with PLC were（20000.00±453.07） ng/ml,much higher than[（7.52±2.01） ng/ml,P<0.05] in patients with liver cirrhosis;The levels of CA125（474.52±59.80） U/ml],CA199 [（27.80±5.94） U/ml] and CEA [（5.80±0.63） ng/ml] in patients with liver cirrhosis of class C were significantly higher than those of class A [（55.65±8.82） U/ml,（18.81±0.46） U/ml and （3.20±0.10） ng/ml,respectively,P<0.05];The levels of CA125[（385.16±36.09） U/ml],CA199[（26.55±2.87） U/ml],AFP[（13.63±1.82） ng/ml] and CEA [（4.85±0.39） ng/ml] in patients with cirrhotic ascites were higher than those without ascites[（62.75±15.45） U/ml,（19.58±0.75） U/ml,（9.39±1.26） ng/ml and （3.54±0.16） ng/ml,P<0.05];The levels of CA125 [（318.48±48.80）U/ml] and CA199 [（26.63±3.22）U/ml] in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were higher than those in patients with viral cirrhosis [（215.77±26.26）U/ml and（19.06±0.64）U/ml,P<0.05] or in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis [（129.73±28.55）U/ml and（18.00±0.00） U/ml,P<0.05];The level of AFP [（56.41±26.75）ng/ml] in patients with viral cirrhosis was higher than[（5.44±0.30） ng/ml or（7.35±1.47） ng/ml,respectively,P<0.05],while the CEA level[（3.53±0.17） ng/ml] was lower than [（5.19±0.35） ng/ml or（5.73±0.98） ng/ml,P<0.05] in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis or primary biliary cirrhosis. Conclusion The serum levels of CA125,CA199,AFP and CEA in patients with liver cirrhosis and PLC were different. The serum levels of CA125,CA199,AFP and CEA in patients with liver cirrhosis were associated with Child-Pugh scores,ascites and etiology.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of portal vein emb1olization and radiorequency ablation in treating patients with liver cancer （diameter >3 cm）. Methods Ninety-three patients with liver cancer（78 with HCC,and 15 with metastasis） between January 2011 and February 2013 in our hospital were divided into combination group （n=54） and control group （n=39）. The patients in combination group were treated with portal vein embolization and radiorequency ablation,while in the control group were treated with radiorequency ablation. The patients were followed-up for three years. The complications,local tumor residual recurrences and disease-free survivals in the two groups were compared. Results After treatment,there were 4 （7.41%） patients with hepatic subcapsular hematoma,2（3.70%） with hydrothorax,1（1.85%） with dilation of distal common bile duct and the complications rate was 12.96%（7/54） in the combination group,while the hydrothorax,distal bile duct expansion and complications rate in the control group were 2 （5.13%）,1 （2.56%）,2 （5.13%） and 12.82% （5/39）,respectively （the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant （x²=0.000,P=0.984）;In combination group,local tumor recurrence rates at 1 a,2 a and 3 a were 0.00%,3.70% and 11.11%,respectively,while they were 7.69%,20.51% and 35.90%,respectively,in the control group （x²=4.292,6.667,8.242,P=0.038,0.010,0.004）;In combination group,the disease-free survival rates at 1 a,2 a and 3 a were 72.22%, 61.11% and 55.56%,while in the control group,they were 53.85%,43.60% and 38.46%,respectively[the differences were not significant（x²=3.340,2.797,2.650,P=0.068,0.094,0.104）]. Conclusion Percutaneous portal vein embolization and radiorequency ablation in the treatment of patients with liver cancer（diameter>3 cm） might decrease significantly the local tumor recurrence in three years,which warrants further investigation.

Objective This study was aimed to investigate the possible clinical factors contributing to the development of radiation-induced liver disease（RILD） in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Methods Between March 2009 and December 2015,we included 39 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Clinical data,including gender,age,other treatments,liver function test Results,and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy parameters were retrieved for analysis. Multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of RILD. Results Out of 39 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,fourteen（35.9%） developed RILD after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy;The unconditional multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the pretreatment Child-Turcotte-Pugh score ≥6 [odds ratio （OR）:24.95,P=0.005] and age ≥60 years （OR:15.72,P= 0.020） were independent risk factors for the development of RILD. Conclusion The occurrence of RILD must be taken into consideration when the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is applied to the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,and the primary identification of the risk factors for RILD is important.

Objective To investigate the independent affecting factors of survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） in five years after radical surgical resection. Methods A total of 112 patients with HCC after radical surgical resection in our hospital between October 2008 and October 2010 were enrolled in this study. Possible prognostic risk factors were obtained through clinical observation. Then,the univariate and multivariate survival analysis were performed using Cox regression model. Based on the multivariate analysis Results , we compared the changes of survival curves between independent factors using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test. Results Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that there were five independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with HCC in five years after radical surgical resection,which were microvascular invasion（MVI）,the mass of tumors,the maximum diameters of tumors,histological differentiation,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization（TACE）,and the OR were 2.61,2.57,2.01,1.37 and 0.31,respectively. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test Results showed the cumulative survival rates at 1 a,3 a and 5 a in 38 TACE-treated patients were 90.6%,83.2% and 80.5%,much higher than 88.2%,41.5% and 30.9%,respectively,in 74 patients without TACE treatment （all P<0.05）. Conclusions The TACE treatment can improve the prognosis of patients with HCC in five years after radical surgical resection.

Objective To investigate the expression of CD147 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma（ICC） and its clinical significance. Methods 30 ICC samples with hepatolithiasis,corresponding paracancerous tissues and 10 normal liver tissues were collected in our hospital. The CD147 mRNA in liver tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression of CD147 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase -2（MMP-2） and 9 （MMP-9） protein were detected by Western blotting. The correlation of CD147 mRNA,CD147,MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was analyzed by Kendall. Results qRT-PCR detection showed that CD147 mRNA level in ICC tissues was（3.67±1.88）,much higher than in their corresponding paracancerous tissues【（1.52±0.57）,P<0.01】 or normal liver tissues【（1.05±0.32）,P<0.01】,and there was a significant difference between paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues（P<0.01）;the relative CD147 mRNA level in >5 cm ICC（2.73±0.97） was much higher than in <5 cm ICC tissues【（1.03±0.32）,P<0.01】,with lymph node metastasis（2.68±0.74） was much higher than ICC without【（1.07±0.44）,P<0.01】,and in ICC with lower differentiation（2.71±0.86） was much higher than in with high differentiation 【（1.06±0.42）,P<0.01】;there was no significant difference between young and elderly or male and female patients（P>0.05）; immunohistochemical staining detection showed the CD147 protein expression in ICC tissues was（27.95±4.90）,much higher than in paracancerous tissues【（13.34±9.59）,P<0.01】 or normal liver tissues【（2.18±0.66）,P<0.01】,and there was a significant difference between paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues （P<0.01）;the MMP2 expression in ICC tissues was （1.06±0.13）,much higher than in paracancerous tissues【（0.20±0.03）,P<0.01】 or normal liver tissues【（0.15±0.02）,P<0.01】,and there was also a significant difference between paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues（P<0.01）;the MMP9 expression in ICC was （0.93±0.12）,much higher than in paracancerous tissues 【（0.17±0.03）,P<0.01】 or normal liver tissues 【（0.15±0.03）,P<0.01】,and there was a significant difference between paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues（P<0.01）;the CD147mRNA levels in ICC was positively correlated to MMP2 expression（r=0.457,P<0.05）,CD147mRNA positively to MMP9 expression （r=0.428,P<0.05）, CD147 protein expression positively to MMP2 expression（r=0.543,P<0.05）,and CD147 positively to MMP9 expression（r=0.517,P=0.05）. Conclusions There is a phenomenon of increased CD147 mRNA levels and enhanced expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in ICC tissues,which might promote the carcinogenesis,tumor growth,lymph node metastasis,and the lower tumor differentiation.

Human serum albumin is the most abundant extracellular protein,which plays an important biological roles such as maintaining plasma colloid osmotic pressure,having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions,binding and transporting materials,and regulating blood clotting. The quantity and quality of albumin are both abnormal in patients with end stage of liver diseases（ESLD）. Infusion of human serum albumin can increase the effective circulating volume,reduce the risk of complications such as hepatorenal syndrome in the treatment of patients with ESLD. Human serum albumin can also be used in molecular adsorbent recirculating system for the treatment of patients with hepatic failure,which might adsorpt small molecules and remove toxins. In this paper,we mainly reviewed the biological functions of albumin,the recent progress in its use in the treatment of patients with ESLD and some existing problems in clinical practice.

Interferon （IFN）-γ-induced protein 10 （IP-10/CXCL10） and its receptor CXCR3,appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. CXCL10 could be secreted by various cells,including T cells,NK cells,endothelial cells,hepatocytes,etc. It plays an essential role in recruiting specific T cells,NK cells and other effector cells to local inflammatory sites to control the infection by through direct or indirect interactions. IP-10 expression is also correlated with developing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis from viral hepatitis. Furthermore,high level of IP-10 in baseline has shown a clinical utility as a predictor of effective outcome of anti-viral therapy. Since the mechanism of how IP-10 modulates anti-viral responses remains unknown, further studies are still needed to investigate the interaction between IP-10 and leukocytes in the pathogenesis of hepatitis,and to evaluate whether IP-10 could be a novel therapeutic target of viral diseases.

Chronic hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis B viral infection. It is a systemic infections mainly including inflammation and necrosis lesions of liver. At present,antiviral drugs to treat hepatitis B mainly include two categories,e.g. interferon and nucleotide analogues. Now,scholars are exploiting new agents,the optimization of combination therapy,immune or apoptosis therapy to eradicate chronic HBV infection.