Objective The aim of this study was to summarize manifestations of hepatic hemangioma (HH) by using grayscale ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), in order to help clinicians making diagnosis. Methods 62 patients with HH were encountered in Jingmen People's Hospital, affiliated to Jingchu Institute of Technology between January 2022 and August 2024, all patients underwent grayscale ultrasound, CDFI and CEUS examination, and underwent surgical resection. Results Tumor resection completed successfully in all the 62 patients with HH in our series, and histopathological examination diagnosed cavernous hemangioma in 44 cases, sclerosing hemangioma in 7 cases, vascular endothelial cell tumor in 6 cases and capillary hemangioma in 5 cases; ultrasonography showed that the size of HH lesions in this group ranged from 1.5 to 84 cm, with an average of (4.6 ± 1.3) cm, and the lesions presented irregular edges and non-spherical shapes; the lesion presented as enhanced echo or uneven echo distribution; CDFI examination demonstrated the lesions presented as spotted short columnar blood flow signals, with blood flow phenomena found within and around the vascular tumor; CEUS examination showed a slightly hyperechoic nodule in the liver, which appeared as a nodular ring-shaped high-intensity enhancement at arterial phase, subsequently, the contrast agent cleared or manifested as a slightly hyperechoic nodule in the liver; at portal and delayed phases, the contrast agent gradually filled the center, showing high-intensity enhancement. Conclusions The HH is relatively easy to diagnose by gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonography, and for some lesions that are difficult to determine, CEUS examination might be used to help further clarify the diagnosis.

Liver fibrosis (LF) is closely related to poor outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and early intervention is expected to improve prognosis of the disease. Percutaneous liver biopsy is the primary method for the diagnosis and staging of LF, but its wide application is limited as its invasiveness, sampling inconsistency and subjective evaluation. Recently, a lot of new non-invasive techniques have emerged for LF assessment, with advantage of convenience and repeatability. In this article, we provides a review on this topic.

Objective As an important transcription factor of NF-κB family, p65 plays a pivotal roles in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore effect of p65 on regulation of lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells in vitro. Methods In this study, relationship between p65 and prognosis of patients with HCC was investigated in UCSC Xena and GEPIA database. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq technologies were conducted to explore DNA binding profile of p65 in HepG2 cells through bioinformatics analysis, and flow cytometry was applied to detect effect of p65 on the proliferation of HepG2 cells. p65 on expression of key genes and their proteins were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB), and effect of p65 on lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells was determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy fluorescence. Results Data analysis from database showed that p65 was often highly expressed in patients with HCC and the intensified expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC; p65 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and overexpression of p65 boasted the proliferation of HepG2 cells as compared to in control; by comprehensive analysis of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data, 205 common genes were obtained, and the most abundant genes were in the metabolic pathway, among which the key genes including ACSM2A, ACSM2B, ACSM3, ACSM5 and HMGCS2, were found to be related to lipid metabolism; ACSM5 and HMGCS2 mRNA and their protein were significantly decreased after p65 was knocked down, while they significantly increased after p65 was overexpressed; p65 knockdown promoted lipid accumulation, while p65 overexpression inhibited lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Conclusion p65 regulates lipid metabolism by up-regulating the expression of ACSM5 and HMGCS2 and promotes the proliferation of HepG2 cells, which provides research clues for the mechanism of p65 regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective This study was conducted to summarize the clinical feature and pathogen distribution in patients with bacterial liver abscess (BLA). Methods 60 consecutive patients with BLA were encountered in our hospital between January 2020 and April 2023, and all were treated with abscess puncture and aspiration or catheterization under ultrasound guidance at base of antibacterial therapy. Bacterial culture, separation and characterization was routinely carried out. Results The underlying diseases in our 60 patients with BLA were diabetes and hypertension, and the common symptoms and sign included anorexia, jaundice, peritonitis, high fever, chills, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and tapping pain in the liver area; the white blood cell counts, neutrophil cell counts, serum ALT and AST levels increased, while hemoglobin and albumin levels decreased; the abscess localized at left lobe, right lobe, double lobes and at junction of left and right lobes accounted for 26.7%, 58.3%, 8.3% and 6.7%, with the mean diameter of abscess of (3.6±0.9)cm; out of 89 strains of pathogens separated, the Lebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 46.1% (n=41), 20.2% (n=18) and 14.6% (n=13); the resistance of Lebsiella pneumonia to ampicillin was 100.0%, to seven antibiotics was greater than 30.0%, while to other nine antibiotics was less than 30%; the most Escherichia coliwas resistant to ampicillin, and the resistance to 13 antibiotics was over 30.0%, while to other three antibiotics was less 30%; at the end of 13-28 (15.2±3.6)day treatment, the recovery rate as showed by total disappearance of the abscess in our series was 88.3%, left 7 patients (11.7%)had their intrahepatic abscess uncurable, which disappeared after a little longer observation and management. Conclusion The BLA mostly often occurs in persons with diabetes and hypertension, and the common pathogens are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The percutaneous transhepatic drainage at base of antimicrobial treatment might obtain a promising outcomes.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and abdominal CT scan in preoperative evaluation of surgical difficulty in patients with gallstones and cholecystitis. Methods A total of consecutive 102 patients with gallstones and cholecystitis were encountered in our hospital between January 2022 and June 2024, and all underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Prior to operation, all patients received MRCP and abdominal CT scan. Operation difficulty was evaluated according to literature report, and readability of cystic arteries and cystic ducts were assessed based on imaging. Results Of the 102 patients with gallstones and cholecystitis, the imaging showed types of cystic arteries weretypeⅠa in 81 cases, type Ⅰb in 9 cases, type Ⅱa in 5 cases and type Ⅱb in 7 cases, with normal shape in 81 cases (79.4%), and abnormal in 21 cases (20.6%); the imaging also showed normal cystic duct shape in 85 cases (83.3%) and abnormal in 17 cases (16.7%);the scores of gallbladder artery display and gallbladder duct display in24 patients with surgical difficulty as assessed pre-operationally were (1.3±0.3) points and (1.4±0.3)points, both significantly lower than [(1.6±0.3) points and (1.7±0.3)points, respectively, P＜0.05] in 78 patients with operation easily, while the gallbladder wall thickness, gallbladder volume and stone diameter were (10.1±2.3)mm, (53.2±8.3)mm³ and (18.2±3.3)mm, all significantly greater than [(7.5±2.1)mm, (46.4±7.1)mm³ and (14.4±5.1)mm, respectively, P＜0.05] in easy operation group. Conclusion MRCP and abdominal CT scan could clearly display anatomic structure around gallbladder artery and cystic duct, which might help evaluate pre-operationally LCdifficulty in patients with gallstones and cholecystitis.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate short-term efficacy of Wuzhi capsule, a herbal medicine compound, and compound glycyrrhizin combination in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). Methods 120 patients with NASH were encountered in our hospital between May 2021 and December 2024, and were randomly assigned to receive compound glycyrrhizin intravenously in 60 cases in the control or to receive oral herbal medicine plus compound glycyrrhizin in another 60 cases in the observation for 8 weeks. Serum procollagen-III (PC-III),laminin (LN),collage type Ⅳ(IV-C) and hyaluronidase (HA) levels were detected by RIA; serum(cortisol(COR),glutathione (GSH),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assayed by chemiluminescence; Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels were determined by ELISA. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were determinedby Fibrotouch. Results By end of eight week treatment, serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in the observation group were (38.9±2.7)U/L, (31.8±5.0)U/L and (46.7±3.8)U/L, all significantly lower than [(57.1±6.9)U/L, (43.7±6.9)U/L and (70.1±6.2)U/L, respectively, P＜0.05] in the control; serum HA, PC-III and IV-C levels were (132.3±21.8)ng/mL, (85.2±17.0)mg/L and (34.6±5.0)μg/L, all significantly lower than [(181.9±20.6)ng/mL, (122.4±15.3)mg/L and (65.8±7.2)μg/L, respectively, P＜0.05] in the control group; serum COR and MDA levels were (231.7±23.6)nmol/L and (1.9±0.7)μmol/L, both much lower than [(390.7±30.5)nmol/L and (5.0±1.2)μmol/L, respectively, P＜0.05], while serum GSH and SOD levels were (85.1±9.8)mg/L and (187.3±19.2)U/ml, both much higher than [(49.6±7.4)mg/L and (151.2±14.3)U/ml, respectively, P＜0.05] in the control; CAP was (271.9±17.6)db/m, much lower than [(287.2±25.1)db/m, P＜0.05], and serum cytokine levels were also much lower than in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Combiantion ofWuzhi capsule and compound glycyrrhizin in treatment of patients with NASH is short-termly efficacious, which might relieve oxidative stress and cytokine reactions.

Objective This study was to summarize the clinical features of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with breast cancer during anthracycline chemotherapy. Methods A total of 155 patients with stage I/ IIbreast cancer after operation were encountered in our hospital between May 2020 and May 2023, and all received anthracycline chemotherapy. The clinicians maintained carefully surveillance on DILI, and the anti-tumor regimen was adjusted and the liver-protecting medicines were given in time according to the clinical types of DILI. Results During chemotherapy, the DILI was found in 92 cases (59.4%) out of our series, with the hepatocyte injury in 57 cases, the cholestasis in 25 cases and the mixed type in 10 cases; the age in patients with DILI was (45.6±7.2)yr, significantly older than [(40.5±8.5)yr, P<0.05], the body mass index was (26.2±2.2)kg/m², much greater than [(23.0±2.4)kg/m², P<0.05], and the incidences of concomitant hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and stage II tumor were 25.0%, 17.4%, 18.5% and 52.2%, all significantly higher than 6.3%, 4.8%, 4.8% and 31.7%, respectively(P<0.05)in patients without DILI; the chemotherapy was adjusted and the glycyrrhizic acid and/or ursodeoxycholic acid were given in patients with DILI, and the prognosis was promising. All patients went on chemotherapy thereafter. Conclusion The DILI occurs common in patients with breast cancer during anthracyclinechemotherapy period, and careful surveillance and appropriate management might obtain a good outcomes.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate diagnostic performance of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and total adipose tissue (TAT) in screening patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Methods 150 patients with NAFLD were enrolled in our hospital between January 2022 and January 2024, and all underwent liver biopsy. CAP and LSM were determined by FibroTouch^©, and quantitative TAT and ratio of liver/spleen CT value were obtained by CT scan. The diagnosis consistency between FibroTouch^© and CT scan and liver biopsy was analyzed by Kappa values. Area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) was applied to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. Results Liver histo-pathological examination found simple fatty liver (SFL) in 109 cases and NASH in 41 cases in our series; taking pathological diagnosis as golden standard, the good diagnostic consistence was found between FibroTouch^© or CT quantitative scan (Kappa=0.743, or Kappa=0.684), with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 87.8%, 89.9%, 89.3%, 76.6% and 95.2%, or 85.4%, 87.2%, 86.7%, 71.4% and 94.1%; CAP, LSM and TAT in patients with NASH were (303.5±12.7)db/m, (11.1±2.9)kPa and (473.1±80.5)cm², all significantly higher than [(269.4±17.2)db/m, (6.4±1.6)kPa and (358.1±72.0)cm², respectively, P＜0.05], while ratio of liver/spleen CT value was (0.4±0.1), much lower than [(0.8±0.2), P＜0.05] in patients with SFL; ROC analysis showed the AUCs were 0.861, 0.864, 0.803 and 0.851, all with a satisfactory diagnostic efficacy (P＜0.05), when CAP, LSM, ratio of liver/spleen CT value and TAT were applied to predict NASH from individuals with NAFLD. Conclusion FibroTouch^© and CT quantitative scan both have certain diagnostic performance in assessing NASH in population of NAFLD, and warrants further clinical investigation.

Objective The aim of this study was to summarize etiology and prognosis of children with non-hepatophilic viral infection with liver injury. Method 102 children with non-hepatotropic virus infection-induced liver injury were encountered in our hospital between January 2022 and December 2023, serum viral RNA loads were assayed by RT-PCR, and liver-protecting procedures were given. Result Of 102 children with non-hepatotropic virus infection-induced liver injury, the etiologies included respiratory tract infection in 43 cases (41.7%), gut infections in 32 cases (31.1%), infectious mononucleosis in 10 cases (9.7%), drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in 9 cases (8.8%)and hand-foot-mouth disease in 8 cases(7.8%); fever in 58 cases (56.9%), diarrhea in 37 cases (36.3%), cough in 33 cases (32.4%), nausea and vomiting in 27 cases (26.5%), anorexia in 17 cases (16.7%), itching in 3 cases(2.9%); hepatomegaly in 26 cases (25.2%), lymphadenopathy in 21 cases (20.6%), tonsillitis in 19 cases (18.6%), splenomegaly in 13 cases (12.8%), rash in 8 cases (7.8%) and eyelid edema in 6 cases (5.9%); liver function tests recovered at 7 to 18 days, averaged in two weeks, in 73 cases (71.6%), and other 29 children (28.4%) got their liver function tests normal after 4 to 6 (average 5) week treatment. Conclusion The common causes of liver damage in children with non-hepatotropic virus infection are mainly respiratory tract, intestinal infection, and infectious mononucleosis. The overall prognosis of children with non-hepatotropic virus infection-induced liver injury is good as protecting liver function treatment is given.

Objective This experiment aimed to investigate the mechanism by which dual specificity protein phosphatases 10(DUSP10) mediates lenvatinib resistance by through regulating stemness characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro. Methods Lenvatinib-resistant cell lines, e.g., Huh7-resistant and Hep3B-resistant, were established, and stable DUSP10-overexpressing (Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5) and knockdown (Huh7-resistant, Hep3B-resistant, Hep-12) cell models were constructed. Western blot was conducted to detect stemness markers (Nanog, BMI1, ABCG2) expression, and CCK-8 assay was performed to determine IC50 values and calculate the resistance index (RI). Results DUSP10 expression in resistant cell lines was up-regulated by 2.1 to 3.8 fold compared to in wild-type cells (P<0.01); overexpression of DUSP10 increased the IC50 of lenvatinib in Huh7 cells from 1.376 μM to 28.44 μM (RI=20.67) and in PLC/PRF/5 cells from 4.118 μM to 18.01 μM (RI=4.37), accompanied by a 1.5 to 2.3 fold up-regulation of stemness genes; conversely, DUSP10 knockdown reduced the IC50 in Huh7-resistant, Hep3B-resistant, and Hep-12 cells by 6.53 fold, 12.02 fold, and 3.29 fold, respectively (all P<0.001), with a 40% to 60% down-regulation of stemness genes. Conclusion DUSP10 significantly decreases the sensitivity of HCC cells to lenvatinib by probably up-regulating stemness-related genes, such as Nanog/BMI1/ABCG2, and targeting the DUSP10-stemness pathway might reverse drug resistance.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate ultrasonic transient elastography (TE) in predicting liver fibrosis (LF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and concomitant liversteatosis(LS). Methods 100 patients with CHB and LS were encountered in our hospital between January 2023 and June 2024, and all underwent MRI for proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and TE scan for controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors for LS occurrence. Results Of the 100 patients with CHB and LS, MRI-PDFF found mild LS in 49 cases (49.0%), moderate LS in 28 cases (28.0%) and severe LS in 23 cases (23.0%); body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), LSMand CAP in CHB patients with severe LS were (28.8±2.2)kg/m², (3.6±0.3)mmol/L, (3.9±0.5)mmol/L, (10.5±2.0)kPa and (317.5±20.0)dB/m, all significantly higher than [(26.5±2.1)kg/m², (2.5±0.3)mmol/L, (3.3±0.4)mmol/L, (7.2±1.4)kPa and (280.5±11.4)dB/m, respectively, P<0.05] in those with moderate LS or [(23.2±2.1)kg/m², (1.8±0.3)mmol/L,(2.9±0.3)mmol/L, (6.4±0.8)kPa and (257.4±4.1)dB/m, respectively, P<0.05] in those with mild LS; multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI(OR=2.818), LDL-C(OR=2.179)and CAP(OR=1.852)were all risk factors for occurrence of LS in patients with CHB(P<0.05);incidences of significant LF in CHB patients with severe, moderate and mild LS were 69.6%, 35.7% and 10.2%, significantly different among them (P<0.05). Conclusion Application ofTE is efficacious in predicting LF in patients with CHB and LS, which might help preliminarily screening in clinical practice.

Objective This study aimed to investigate iron metabolism index changes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Ninety-eight patients with NAFLD and ninety-eight healthy individuals for physical examination were encountered in Yizheng People's Hospital between January 2022 to March 2024, and all underwent abdominal CT scan and total adipose area (TAA), total skeletal muscle area (SMA), liver-to-spleen CT value ratio (CT_L/S) and visceral adipose volume/subcutaneous adipose volume (VAV/SAV)ratio were measured and calculated by Reformate software. Serum ferritin light chain (FTL)was detected by ELISA, serum iron (SI)and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) were detected by colorimetry, and transferrin receptor (TRF) were assayed by turbidimetry. Fatty liver degree was determined by ultrasonography. Result Ultrasonography found mild, moderate and severe fatty liver in 31 cases, 33 cases and 34 cases in our series; serum ALT, AST, TG and TC levels in patients with moderate fatty liver were much higher than in those with mild fatty liver or healthy persons (P<0.05), and they were much higher in patients with severe fatty liver than in those with moderate (P<0.05);serumSI, FTLand UIBC levels in patients with moderate fatty liver were (29.6±3.3)μmol/L,(439.5±15.6)μg/L and (73.1±5.7)μmol/L, all much higher than [(20.9±3.9)μmol/L, (417.5±16.6)μg/Land (62.6±6.6)μmol/L, respectively, P<0.05] in patients with mild fatty liver or [(14.3±3.0)μmol/L, (303.6±18.5)μg/L and (50.5±7.5)μmol/L, respectively, P<0.05] in healthy persons, while serum TRF level was (2.6±0.3)g/L, much lower than [(3.0±0.4)g/L, P<0.05] in patients with mild fatty liver or [(3.5±0.6)g/L, P<0.05] in healthy individuals; TAA,SMA and VAV/SAV ratio in patients with moderate fatty liver were much greater (P<0.05), while CT_L/S was much less than in patients with mild fatty liver (P<0.05);TAA, SMA and VAV/SAV ratio in patients with severe fatty liver were much greater (P<0.05), while CT_L/S was much less than in patients with moderate fatty liver(P<0.05). Conclusion Iron metabolism is unstable in patients with NAFLD, which might be related to liver steatosis and inflammation and needs further investigation.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate clinical efficacy of tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in rescue treatment of entecavir (ETV)-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and low-level viremia (LLV). Methods 68 patients with CHB were enrolled in our hospital between January 2022 and January 2024, the enrolled patients were all ETV-treated for at least 12 months, showing poor virological response with LLV and were randomly assigned to receive TMF or TAF for 48 weeks. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was evaluated by ultrasonic liver transient elastography, serum HBV markers, biochemical parameters and HBV DNA loads were routinely detected. Serum laminin(LN),collagen type Ⅳ(Ⅳ-C), precollagen-Ⅲ (PC-Ⅲ)and hyaluronic acid(HA)levels were assayed by ELISA. Results By end of 48 week treatment, LSM as well as serum HA, LN, Ⅳ-C and PCⅢ levels in TMF-treated patients were (6.8±1.2)KPa, (171.2±25.9)ng/mL, (147.5±42.3)ng/mL, (174.3±46.3)ng/mL and (56.8±12.4)ng/mL, all not significantly different as compared to [(6.9±1.2)KPa, (175.2±34.6)ng/mL, (148.2±46.3)ng/mL, (175.4±42.1)ng/mL and (55.5±19.5)ng/mL, respectively] in TAF-treated patients (P>0.05); serum bilirubin, ALT and AST levels in TMF-treated patients were (16.4±1.4)μmol/L, (40.3±4.8)U/L and (32.4±5.1)U/L, all not significantly different as compared to [(17.3±1.2)μmol/L, (41.8±4.5)U/L and (36.9±4.9)U/L, respectively] in TAF-treated patients (P>0.05); virological and biochemical response rates in the two groups were not significantly different as serum HBV DNA transferred to negative and serum ALT level returned to normal(P>0.05) in all patients. Conclusion As for patients with CHB and poor response to ETV treatment, rescue antiviral therapy with TMF or TAF is both satisfactory, with complete virological response, and the long-term efficacy should be followed-up in the future.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is one of the leading causes of mortality among patients with chronic liver disease. Potentially reversible, ACLF requires precise clinical classification to facilitate accurate diagnosis, targeted treatment, and comprehensive management. Based on the latest research findings and clinical evidence, the Severe Liver Disease and Artificial Liver Group and the Nutrition and Regeneration in End-Stage Liver Disease Group, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, together with multidisciplinary experts, have jointly compiled China's first guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of ACLF. The guideline aims to provide guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and individualized management of patients with ACLF in clinical practice.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate diagnostic performance ofultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP)in predicting hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods 91 patients with NAFLD were enrolled in our hospital between January 2023 and September 2024, and all underwent liver biopsy for liver steatosis grading andUGAP for measuring attenuation coefficient(AC). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) was adopted to analyze diagnostic efficacy. Results Of 91 patients withNAFLD, liver histo-pathological examination showed liver steatosis S1 grade in 45 cases, S2 in 28 cases and S3 in 18 cases; serum TC, TG, ALT and AST levels in patients with S3 liver steatosis were (6.4±1.3)mmol/L, (3.3±1.0)mmol/L, (78.4±15.2)U/L and (62.9±12.6)U/L, all significantly higher than [(4.7±1.1)mmol/L, (1.8±0.7)mmol/L, (27.1±6.3)U/L and (25.6±5.7)U/L, respectively, P<0.05] in patients with S1 or [(5.6±1.4)mmol/L, (2.6±0.8)mmol/L, (42.5±9.6)U/L and (37.2±7.4)U/L, respectively, P<0.05] in patients with S2, while serum HDL-C level was (0.8±0.3)mmol/L, much lower than [(1.2±0.4)mmol/L, P<0.05] in patients with S1 or [(1.0±0.3)mmol/L, P<0.05] in patients with S2; the AC in patients with S3 was (0.8±0.1)dB/cm/MHz, much greater than [(0.6±0.1) dB/cm/MHz, P<0.05] in patients with S1 or [(0.7±0.1)dB/cm/MHz, P<0.05] in patients with S2; ROC analysis showed that the AUC was 0.854(95% CI:0.772-0.935), with sensitivity (Se) of 82.6% and specificity (Sp) of 88.9%, when AC equal to or greater than 0.7dB/cm/MHz as the cut-off-value in predicting liver steatosis ≥S2, and the AUC was 0.834(95% CI:0.699-0.970), with Se of 77.8% and Sp of 93.2%(P<0.05), when the AC greater than 0.8dB/cm/MHz as the cut-off-value in predicting liver steatosis S3. Conclusion AC obtained by conventional ultrasound has a satisfactory clinical application value in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD, which might help screening preliminarily.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of silymarin and diammonium glycyrrhizinate combination in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). Methods 97 patients with NASH were encountered in our hospital between October 2022 and June 2024, and were randomly assigned to receive oral diammonium glycyrrhizinate in control (n=48), or to receive diammonium glycyrrhizinate with combination of silymarin in observation (n=49) at base of sport exercise and food guidance for six months. Serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), IV collagen (Ⅳ-C) and III procollagen (PCⅢ) levels were assayed by RIA, and serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 levels were detected by ELIS. Liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were measured by Fibrotouch. Results By end of six month treatment, serum ALT, AST, GGT levels, and LSM and CAP in the observation group were (49.4±4.2)U/L, (41.1±3.9)U/L, (60.1±5.5)U/L, (7.3±1.2)kPa and (272.3±10.6)dB/m, all significantly lower than [(57.2±6.3)U/L, (49.5±5.2)U/L, (81.5±7.3)U/L, (8.8±2.5)kPa and (289.5±13.8)dB/m, respectively, P<0.05] in the control; serum HA, Ⅳ-C and PCⅢ levels were (62.1±5.7)μg/L, (60.5±6.2)μg/L and (90.3±10.4)μg/L, all much lower than [(73.2±7.4)μg/L, (68.2±8.7)μg/L and (148.5±13.7)μg/L, respectively, P<0.05] in the control; serum IL-10 level was (30.5±7.6)mg/L, much higher than [(25.2±6.3)mg/L, P<0.05], while serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were (13.1±3.8)mg/L and (13.6±4.0)ng/L, both much lower than [(26.2±5.7)mg/L and (20.1±6.4)ng/L, respectively, P<0.05] in the control group. Conclusion Combination of oral silymarin and diammonium glycyrrhizinate at base of sport and diet guidance in patients with NASH is short-termly efficacious, which needs further clinical investigation.

Objective This study was conducted to investigate targeted and immunotherapy plus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of patient with primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods A total of 100 PLC patients were encountered in our hospital between May 2021 and April 2023, randomly divided into control (n=50) and observation (n=50) groups, and all patients in the two groups underwent TACE for two to five times. Patients in the observation group received target medicine, including apatinib or cangvatinib, and immunomodulators, including carilizumab or trelizumab, etc., combination therapy for three months. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were detected by FCM, serum AFP level were routinely obtained, and serum macrophage metastasis inhibitor (MIF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were determined by ELISA. Results By end of three month treatment, Objective response rate (ORR) in the observation group was 62.0%, much higher than 42.0% in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, percentage of peripheral blood CD4⁺ cells and ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺cells in the observation group were (46.8±4.6)% and (1.8±0.3), both much higher than [(37.3±4.2)% and (1.3±0.3), respectively, P＜0.05], while percentage of CD8⁺ cells was (25.1±2.4)%, much lower than [(28.5±2.5)%, P＜0.05] in the control; serum AFP, MIF and VEGF levels were (110.2±27.5)μg/L, (55.8±10.1)ng/mL and (180.1±48.7)pg/mL, all significantly lower than [(288.1±31.5)μg/L, (80.1±11.3)ng/mL and (261.1±54.3)pg/mL, respectively, P＜0.05] in the control; by end of one-year follow-up, survival rate in the observation group was 66.0%, not statistically significantly different as compared to 46.7% in the control group (Log-Rank=2.643, P=0.104). Conclusin Targeted and immunotherapy with combination of TACE in dealing with patients with advanced PLC could get a satisfactory short-term clinical efficacy, which might be related to improvement of body immune functions, but the long-term efficacy should be investigated further.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate clinical efficacy of semaglutide and metformin combination in treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and concomitant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods Eighty patients with T2DM and NASH were encountered in our hospital between October 2022 and October 2023, and were randomly assigned to receive metformin in control or to receive metformin with combination of semaglutide subcutaneously in observation group for 24 weeks. Liver biopsies at presentation and at end of 24 week treatment were performed, and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were detected by Fibroscan 502. Results By end of 24-week treatment, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)) in observation group were (23.9±0.7)kg/m², (5.5±0.5)mmol/L, (6.5±1.2)mmol/ L, (6.3±0.7)% and (3.6±0.5), all significantly lower than [(25.6±0.8)kg/m², (6.0±0.7)mmol/L, (7.9±1.0)mmol/L, (7.5±0.8)% and (4.7±0.7), respectively P<0.05] in the control; serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were(2.7±0.7)mmol/L,(5.1±1.0)mmol/L and (3.3±0.5)mmol/L, all much lower than [(3.4±0.8)mmol/L, (5.8±1.1)mmol/L and (3.7±0.6)mmol/L, respectively, P<0.05], while serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) level was (1.3±0.2)mmol/L, much higher than [(1.1±0.2)mmol/L, P<0.05] in the control; serum liver function tests in the observation group improved greatly (P<0.05); LSM and CAP were (8.6±1.0)kPa and (251.0±18.5)db/m, both much lower than [(10.1±0.9)kPa and (273.0±19.1)db/m, respectively, P<0.05] in the control; liver histo-pathological examination showed that NASH activity score (NAS) improved in 72.5%, much higher than 25.0% in the control group. Conclusion The combination of semaglutide and metformin in treatment of patients with T2DM and NASH is efficacious short-termly, which might modulate blood sugar and lipid metabolism, and improve liver function tests.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate diagnostic performance of ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Methods 54 allegedpatients with fatty liver were encountered in our hospital between October and December 2023, and all received MRI proton density fat fraction sequence (MRI-PDFF) and UDFF examination simultaneously. Intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC) was conducted to compare the consistency, and area underreceiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was applied to assess the diagnostic efficacy. Results Based onMRI-PDFF results, non-fatty liver was found in 16 cases, mild fatty liver in 28 cases, moderate fatty liver in 3 cases and severe fatty liver in 7 cases; UDFF in 10 patients with moderate/severe fatty liver was 20.5(15.8, 28.0) %, much higher than [13.0(11.0,17.0)%, P＜0.01] in 28 patients with mild fatty liver or [5.5(4.0,7.0)%, P＜0.01] in 16 persons without fatty liver; ICC between MRI-PDFF and UDFF was 0.808,presenting as satisfactory diagnostic consistency; AUC in diagnosing MAFLD by UDFF was 0.987 (P<0.001), when the cut-off value was set as 8.0%,with the sensitivity (Se) of 97.4%, and the specificity (Sp) of 93.8%, and the AUC in diagnosing moderate/severe fatty liver was 0.908(P<0.001), when the cut-off value was set as 14.0%, with Se of 91.7% and Sp of 79.6%; our study didn't found difference of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) among individuals with or without fatty liver(P>0.05). Conclusion We recommendUDFF for diagnosis of metabolic associated fatty liver disease as its excellent efficacy, while the application of pSWE still needs multiple center validation.

Objective This study aimed to assess disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict its trends from 2020 to 2040. Methods This study retrieved database from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and Excel software was applied toillustrate the incidence, mortality, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYS) burden of NAFLD during 1990 to 2021 period. R software was used to predict burden trends of the disease, and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model (BAPC) was constructed to predict the incidence of the disease between 2020 and 2040. Results From 1990 to 2021, the overall burden of NAFLD demonstrated a rising trend, the standardized prevalence rate increased by 22.0% (AAPC = 0.6%, P< 0.01), and the standardized incidence rate increased by 18.3% (AAPC = 0.7%, P< 0.01);the BAPC model predicted that the disease burden of NAFLD would continue to rise over the next 20 years; by 2040, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) were expected to reach 780.0, 17706.9, 11306.1, and 8.2 per 100,000, respectively, representing increases of 25.6%, 13.5%, 78.9%, and 7.8%, respectivley compared to in 2021. Conclusion The disease burden of NAFLD in Chinese population increasesgreatly from 1990 to 2021, with younger men being at higher risk. Tailored prevention and treatment strategies should be developed based on the current disease burden characteristics to effectively reduce the negative impact on human health.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of serum volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to and body inflammatory index in patients with metabolism-related fatty liver disease(MAFLD): an analysis based on 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (NHANES). Methods Data from NHANES database from 2017 to 2020 were retrieved, patients who met diagnosis of MAFLD were enrolled and their laboratory tests, including serum VOCs levels and results of questionnaires were collected. Systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and systemic iImmunoinflammatory index (SII) were calculated. Multivariate Logistic regression modeling was applied to analyze correlation of the two inflammatory indicators to serum VOC content. Results SII in 2991 patients with MAFLD was (531±325), SIRI was (1.8±1.01), serum 1,4-dichlorobenzene level was (1.2±8.2) ng/mL, and serum 2,5-dimethylfuran level was (0.1±0.1) ng/mL; serum 2,5-dimethylfuran level was positively correlated with SIRI (r=0.3, P<0.05) and with SII (r=0.3, P<0.05) in patients with MAFLD; by multivariate Logistic regression modeling analysis, serum 2,5-dimethylfuran level was found to be associated with SIRI (β=1.8±0.3, P<0.05) and with SII (β=696.7±122.4, P<0.05) in unadjusted model; the model adjusted by age found that SIRI (β=2.0±0.3, P<0.05) and SII (β=709.1±123.9, P<0.05) were positively correlated to serum 2,5-dimethylfuran level; serum 2,5-dimethylfuran level was found to be still correlated to SIRI (β=1.7±0.3, P<0.05) or to SII (β=655.8±129.7, P<0.05) by adjusting the model for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), smoking, hypertension, diabetes, total triglycerides (TG), alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Conclusion Exposure of individuals to higher levels of 2,5-dimethylfuran could exacerbate body systemic inflammatory response, which might trigger MAFLD occurrence.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complications of severe liver disease, with high recurrence rate and hard to deal with. Animal models are frequently employed in research to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and explore potential therapeutic strategies. With advancements in modern medical technology, animal models for HE research have undergone remarkable improvements. In this review, we reviewed the latest research progress, focusing on establishment, evaluation, application, limitations, and future prospects of animal models in this field, with aiming to explore new therapeutic approaches for HE.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) in predicting risk of metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 468 non-diabetic individuals with MAFLD and 100 non-diabetic healthy persons were encountered in the First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University between July and December 2023, clinical materials were routinely obtained, and eGDR were calculated. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to reveal risk factors of MAFLD in non-diabetic population. All subjects were divided into Q1 to Q4 groups based on the eGDR quartiles, and the prevalence of MAFLD in each group was compared. ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of eGDR in predicting MAFLD. Results Of individuals without diabetes in our series, MAFLD patients were older and more male than in healthy controls; BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid levels were all higher (all P<0.001) , while serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and eGDR were lower (all P<0.001) than in control persons; multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age and BMI were independent risk factors for the occurrence of MAFLD, while diastolic blood pressure and eGDR were independent protective factors (P<0.05) in persons without diabetes; ROC analysis showed that the AUC of eGDR reduction in predicting the risk of MAFLD existence was 0.939 (95% CI:0.910 to 0.969, P<0.001), with a maximum Yoden index of 0.775, corresponding to an optimal cut-off value of 10.85 mg/kg/min, with a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 88.0%; Q4 group had the lowest prevalence of MAFLD (38.0%) compared to other three groups. Conclusions eGDR is a non-invasive and easily available indicator of insulin resistance. The decrease of eGDR is associated with the increased risk of MAFLD in non-diabetic individuals, and it has a good predictive efficacy for MAFLD.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence and risk factors of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in hepatitis B-induced liver cirrhosis (LC). Methods 60 patients with hepatitis B-induced LC were recruited in our hospital between March 2019 and March 2021, and consecutively followed-up for two years. Third lumbar skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) was obtained by abdominal CT scan, esophageal varices (EV) was determined by gastroscopy, and HE was diagnosed by West Haven score. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to find risk factors. Results HE was found in 25 cases during the two-year follow-up period; baseline serum bilirubin, INR, EV incidence, hepatorenal syndrome, Child-Pugh score, MELD score and sarcopenia incidence in patients with HE were (35.3±8.5)μmol/L, (1.4±0.5), 68.0%, 72.0%, (15.6±2.3) points, (21.6±2.5)points and 80.0%, all much higher than [(20.6±9.3)μmol/L, (1.2±0.3), 25.7%, 17.1%, (9.2±1.6)points, (15.5±3.2)points and 34.3%, respectively, P＜0.05], while serum albumin level, peripheral blood platelet count and L3-SMI were (29.3±5.6)g/L, (62.3±13.5)×10⁹/L and (43.1±8.9)cm²/m², all much lower than [(33.2±5.9)g/L, (85.2±15.6)×10⁹/L and (46.3±8.5)cm²/m², respectively, P＜0.05] in cirrhotics without HE; multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that PLT(OR=3.442, INR(OR=3.677), EV (OR=3.647, Child-Pugh class (OR=4.191), MELD score (OR=4.614), sarcopenia (OR=4.651) and L3-SMI (OR=4.468) were all the independent risk factors for occurrence of HE in patients with LC (P<0.05). Conclusion Clinicians should take common risk factors of complications, such as HE, into consideration as dealing with patients with LC, which might improve the prognosis.

Objective The aim of this experiment was to investigate molecular mechanism of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in improving metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by regulating Insr/Akt signaling pathway. Methods 18 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, MASH and DDC-intervened group (n=6 in each) and MASH model was established by feeding a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet, and the intervention was carried out by DDC gavage simultaneously. The expression of insulin receptor (Insr) and pro-apoptotic molecule, e.g., Bax in mouse liver tissue were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. Model of lipotoxicity was established by induction of palmitic acid (PA) on AML12 cells, and was treated with DDC simultaneously. The expression of Insr, Akt, pAkt, Bax and Bcl2 were detected by Western blot. Results Insr mRNA level in liver tissue in MASH group was (0.38±0.13), significantly lower than [(1.03±0.27), P<0.05] in the control; the expression of Insr protein in liver tissues in MASH group was (0.61±0.11), significantly lower than [(1.68±0.58),P<0.05] in the control, while the expression of Insr protein in liver tissues in DDC-intervened group was (1.03±0.11), significantly higher than that in MASH group (P<0.05); the expression of Bax protein in liver tissue in MASH group was (1.14±0.39), significantly higher than [(0.47±0.26), P<0.05] in the control; the expression of Bax protein in liver tissues in DDC-intervened group was (0.66±0.19), significantly lower than that in MASH group (P<0.05); the expression of Insr protein in AML12 cells in PA group was (0.38±0.13), significantly lower than [(0.74±0.21), P<0.05] in the control, while the expression of Insr protein in AML12 cells in DDC-intervened group was (0.71±0.20), significantly higher than that in PA group (P<0.05); the ratio of pAkt/Akt protein in AML12 cells in PA group was (0.28±0.07), significantly lower than [(0.69±0.06), P<0.05] in the control, while the ratio of pAkt/Akt protein in AML12 cells in 25 μM or in 50 μM DDC-intervened groups were (0.85±0.02) and (0.97±0.04), both significantly increased than in PA group (P<0.05); the ratio of Bcl2/Bax in AML12 cells in PA group was (1.28±0.29), much lower than [(1.74±0.10),P<0.05] in the control, while the ratio of Bcl2/Bax in AML12 cells in DDC-intervened group was (2.30±0.78), much higher than that in PA group (P<0.05). Conclusion The Insr/Akt pathway is inhibited and apoptosis is increased in liver tissues in mice with CDAA diet-induced MASH, and DDC might inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis by stimulating Insr/Akt signaling pathway, thereby improving MASH progression.

Objective The aim of this study was to summarize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestation of atypical focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver. Methods 116 patients with liver FNH were encountered in our hospital between January 2022 and July 2024, all underwent plain, enhanced MRIscan, including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsies or post-operational histo-pathological examinations. Results Of the 116 patients with liver FNHA, all had solitary intrahepatic nodule, located at right and/or left lobe, with diameters of 1.0to 11.2 cm, averaged with (6.1±1.3)cm, including≤2.0 cm in 31 cases, 2.0-5.0 cm in 51 cases and ＞5.0 cm in 34 cases; equal or slightly lower signals on T1WI, equal or slightly higher signals on T2WI, slightly higher signals on DWI, high signals at arterial phase, slightly high or equal signals at portal phase, equal or low signals at delayed phase, and high or equal signals at hepatobiliary phase; without central scar in 49lesions(42.2%),with pseudocapsule in 69lesions(59.5%),with internal bleeding or necrosis in 43lesions (37.1%),with fat infiltration in 37lesions (31.9%) and without significant enhancement at arterial phase in 56lesions(48.3%); percentages of without central scar, pseudocapsule, internal bleeding or necrosis, fat infiltration and non-significant enhancement at arterial phase in lesions >5.0cm were 64.7%, 88.2%, 61.8%, 52.9%and 73.5%, all significantly higher than 41.2%, 56.9%, 35.3%,31.4% and 47.1%(P＜0.05)in lesions of 2.0 to 5.0 cm or 19.4%, 32.3%, 12.9%, 9.7%and 22.6%(P＜0.05)in ≤2.0 cm of lesions. Conclusion Liver FNH, including atypical ones could have specific MRI feature, which might help clinicians make an appropriate measures to deal with.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate acupoint application and exercise prescription in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods 81 patients with NAFLD were encountered in our hospitalbetween June 2022 and June 2024, and were randomly divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=41). Patients in the control group received lipid-lowering therapy with dietary intervention, and those in the observation received acupoint application and exercise prescription. The intervention lasted for three months in the two groups. Serumtumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin and adiponectin (APN) levels were detected by ELISA, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was determined byFibrotouch, and generic quality of life inventory 74 (GQOLI-74) and health promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP)were evaluated. Results By end of three month intervention, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and ,WHR and percentage of body fat in the observation group were(24.3±2.6)kg/m², (0.6±0.2)and (27.3±2.8)%, all much lower than [(26.1±2.7)kg/m², (0.7±0.1)and (29.6±3.1)%,P<0.05] in the control; serum total cholesterol,triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were(5.5±0.7)mmol/L, (1.7±0.3)mmol/Land (3.2±0.5)mmol/L, all much lower than[(5.9±0.7)mmol/L, (2.6±0.4)mmol/L and (4.2±0.5)mmol/L, respectively, P<0.05], while serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was(1.3±0.4)mmol/L, much higher than [(1.0±0.3) mmol/L,P<0.05] in the control; serumalanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and CAP were(40.3±4.5)IU/L, (42.1±4.6)IU/L and (267.8±7.8)dB/m, all significantly lower than[(93.4±5.6)IU/L, (61.7±5.9)IU/Land (288.3±10.9)dB/m, respectively, P<0.05] in the control; serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were(401.5±42.3)pg/mL and (18.6±2.8)mg/L, both significantly lower than [(461.2±48.6)pg/mLand (28.7±3.1)mg/L, respectively, P<0.05], while serum irisin and APN levels were (9.4±1.2)ng/mL and (19.3±2.1)μg/mL, both significantly higher than[(7.6±0.9)ng/mLand (13.4±1.8)μg/mL, respectively,P<0.05] in the control group; GQOLI-74 score, and regular exercise, scientific dietand adequate sleep rates were(81.2±8.5)points, and 87.8%, 85.4%and 82.9%, all much higher than [(76.3±7.6)points, 62.5%, 60.0%and 62.5%, respectively, P<0.05] in the control. Conclusion Acupoint application and exercise prescription is efficacious in the treatment ofpatients with NAFLD,which might improve body fat metabolism and alleviate inflammatory reactions.

Objective Many studies have explored the role of RNA m6A methylation modifiers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the current results are controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively study the relationship between RNA m6A methylation and the risk of liver cancer and the prognosis of patients with HCC. Methods We searched Chinese and English literatures database before March 2024, including Chinese databases Wanfang and CNKI, and English databases, Pubmed, OVID, EBSCO and web of science. Related literatures as case-control studies, on RNA m6A methylation and the development and prognosis of patients with HCC were retrieved. The quality of the literature was evaluated according to the Newcastle- Ottawa scale (NOS) scoring system. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature was screened and the data was extracted, and the RevMan5.3 software was applied for statistical analysis. Results A total of 11 articles were found, including 3586 patients with HCC (1071 HCC tissues and 2515 adjacent liver tissue); the positive rate of m6A methylation in HCC tissues was 61.7%, significantly higher than 38.5% [OR= 4.77, 95% CI (2.58-8.82), P<0.00001] in liver tissues; hepatic expressions of FTO, METTL3, YTHDF1 and ALKBH5 were positively correlated to poor prognosis of patients with HCC [HR=1.3, 95%CI(1.17-1.44),P<0.00001]. Conclusion RNA m6A hypermethylation is closely related to the occurrence of liver cancer, and the expressions of m6A methylation modifiers, such as FTO, METTL3,YTHDF1 and ALKBH5 genes in liver cancer tissues are closely related to the poor prognosis of patients with HCC.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC0 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) for differentiation of the two entities. Methods 86 patients with HCC and 16 patients with ICC were encountered in our hospital between March 2019 and May 2024, and all underwent conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. The imaging features were compared between the two malignant tumors. Results There were no significant differences as respect to numbers of intrahepatic space-occupying lesions, shapes, diameters, intratumor echos, echo features and portal thrombosis between the two groups (P＞0.05), while the percentage of bile duct dilatation in patients with ICC was 37.5%, much higher than 2.3%(P＜0.05)in those with HCC; CEUS demonstrated that percentages of arterial-phase ring enhancement, arterial-phase hypo-enhancement, portal-phase hypo-enhancement andclearing time at delayed phase in ICC group were 37.5%, 18.8%, 93.8% and (45.2±8.1)s, all significantly higher or shorter than 10.5%, 2.3%,59.3% and (66.7±11.8)s in HCC group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The imaging features, such as bile duct dilation, arterial phase enhancement mode, arterial phase enhancement characteristics, and significant differences in clearance time in patients with ICC and HCC are obvious different, which might help clinicians differentiate the two liver cancers.

Objective The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the protective effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor ACY1215 on acute liver failure (ALF) in mice and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods 18 mice were randomly divided into control, model and ACY1215-intervened group, with 6 in each. The ALF model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-Gal). Liver tissue PANoptosis associated protein expression, such as receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1(RIPK1), gas derivative D protein (GSDMD), Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and mixed lineage kinase domain protein (ML) were detected by Western blot. Results Liver histopathological examination showed that disordered intrahepatic parenchymal cell arrangement, with lamellar cell necrosis, a large number of blood cell exudation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in ALF group, while liver tissue damage alleviated in ACY1215-intervened group; serum ALT, AST and total bilirubin levels in ALF group were (3279.8±639.0)U/L,(2510.1±383.2)U/L and (85.5±6.8)μmol/L, while they all decreased to [(987.6±254.3)U/L, (426.3±105.6)U/L and (38.1±8.9)μmol/L, respectively, P<0.05] in ACY1215-intervened group; intrahepatic tissue PANoptosis-related protein, such as RIPK1, GSDMD, Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and MLKL intensified in ALF group, while they all obviously weakened in ACY1215-intervened group (P<0.05). Conclusion Histone deacetylase inhibitor ACY1215 could play a protective role in mice with ALF, probably by regulating PANoptosis-related protein expression.