Abstract: Objective To compare the efficacy of peginterferon α-2a and interferon α-2b combined with ribavirin in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods 116 chronic hepatitis C patients were selected in our hospital between May 2010 and August 2014. The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 58 cases in each group. The patients in control group were treated with interferon α-2b combined with ribavirin and the patients in observation group were treated with peginterferon α-2a combined with ribavirin. Serum HCV RNA levels and virological response,and the gender,age,body mass index in the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results Serum HCV RNA negative rates were 51.72%,60.34%,72.41%,68.97%,65.52% in patients in observation group at 12 weeks,24 weeks,48 weeks and 12 and 24 weeks after discontinuation of the regimen,which were significantly higher than those in the control group（31.03%, 48.27%,55.17%,48.27%,41.38%,respectively,P<0.05）;the RVR,EVR,ETVR and SVR in the observation group were 75.86%,84.48%,86.20%,74.14%,significantly higher than those in the control group（51.72%,60.34%,63.79%,55.17%,P<0.05）;serum levels of HCV RNA in the observation group at 4 weeks,12 weeks,24 weeks and 48 weeks were（4.72±1.30） IU/ml,（4.09±1.21） IU/ml,（3.79±1.18） IU/ml,（3.26±1.08） IU/ml,which were significantly lower than those in the control group [（5.27±1.52） IU/ml,（4.68±1.41） IU/ml,（4.15±1.37） IU/ml,（3.99±1.16） IU/ml,P<0.05];the adverse events,including fever,insomnia,fatigue and leukopenia occurred during treatment in the two groups,and there was no significant differences between them （P>0.05）;serum HCV RNA levels at presentation in patients having SVR in the observation group was（3.57±0.45） IU/ml,significantly lower than that in those without SVR [（4.92±0.09） IU/ml,P<0.05]. Conclusion s Peginterferon α-2a combinded with ribavirin treatment could improve the efficacy in patients with chronic hepatitis C,and also have a good safety. This study hints that the regimen will get a good response in patients with low HCV RNA load at admission.

Key words: Hepatitis C, Peginterferon α-2a, Interferon-α, Ribavirin, Therapy