Abstract: Objectiv To investigate the efficacy of B-ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholangiostomy pneumatic lithotripsy in treatment of patients with intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stones. Methods 106 patients with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones were recruited in our hospital between January 2014 and June 2016，and 57 patients received percutaneous biliary fistula pneumatic lithotripsy（observation group） and 49 received laparoscopic biliary exploration therapy （control group）. All patients were followed-up for two years and the factors affecting postoperative recurrence of stones were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results The hospitalization stay，medical cost，intraoperative blood loss and operation time in the observation group were（5.2±1.7） d，（7321.5±528.3） yuan，（20.4±4.8） mL and（62.5±14.8） min，significantly less or shorter than [（8.7±2.2） d，（10426.4±1032.5） yuan，（25.7±5.1） mL and （71.7±15.3） min，P<0.05] in the control；the complete stone clearance rate in the observation group was 84.2%，significantly higher than 67.3% （P<0.05） in the control；the stone recurrence rate in the observation group was 1.8%，significantly lower 20.4% （P<0.05） in the univariate control；and multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the number of stones， the diameter of stones and surgical methods were the independent factors affecting stone recurrence after operation. Conclusion Percutaneous puncture and pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy is efficacious in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones， which warrants further investigation.

Key words: Cholecystolithiasis, Pneumatic lithotripsy through percutaneous biliary fistula, Laparoscopic biliary exploration and lithotripsy, Therapy