Abstract: Objective To explore HBV and HCV prevalence in patients with persistent blood dialysis. Methods There were 435 patients with persistent blood dialysis for renal diseases in this study，including 16 patients in group 1 having persistent blood dialysis longer than 10 years，47 patients between 5 to 10 years in group 2，184 patients between 1 to 5 years in group 3，and 188 patients less than 1 year in group 4. HBsAg and anti-HCV were determined by ELISA. Results The prevalence of HBV and HCV were 18.4%（80/435）and 7.6%（33/435），respectively in this series；the prevalence of HCV in group 1 was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups（P<0.01）；unexpectedly，HBV prevalence in group 4 was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups（P<0.01）. Conclusions Patients under persistent blood dialysis are at high risk of HBV and HCV infection.

Key words: Blood dialysis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C