Objective To establish the acute or chronic HBV-infection mouse model. Methods Acute or chronic HBV-infection mouse model was established by hydrodynamic injection of pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid. Serum HBsAg were detected by ELISA. The immune-related molecule mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. The activated lymphocytes in the livers were detected by FACS and ELISPOT was used to detect the HBV-specific cellular immune response. Results We successfully established the acute and chronic HBV-infection mouse model by hydrodynamic injection of pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid；The duration of serum HBsAg secretion in acute HBV-infected BALB/c mice was （3.25±1.04） weeks，significantly shorter than that in chronic HBV-infected C57BL/6 mice [（10.0±3.74） weeks，P<0.05]；The duration of serum HBsAg secretion in BALB/c mice injected with low dose（2.5μg） of pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid was（3.67±1.03） weeks，significantly longer than that in high dose （50μg） group[（2.33±0.52） weeks，P<0.05]；On the tenth day after hydrodynamic injection，HBcAg special T lymphocytes appeared in the spleen of BALB/c mice. Conclusion HBV-infection mouse model is successfully established by hydrodynamic injection of pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid and we find that mouse genetic background， immune response and viral doses will impact the establishment of this kind of HBV-infection mouse model.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for significant liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B were recruited in our hospital between January 2015 and August 2016，and all patients underwent liver biopsy. Significant liver fibrosis was defined as fibrosis stage equal to or greater than S2. Serum HBV DNA levels，HBV markers，liver function indexes，routine blood and coagulation function indexes were assayed. Results 58 patients （72.50%） were found having significant liver fibrosis in this series；In patients with significant liver fibrosis，serum HBV DNA，alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST），gamma-glutamyl transferase （GGT），prothrombin time （PT），red blood cell volume distribution width （RDW） and mean platelet volume （MPV） levels were （9.32±1.20） log10 IU/ml， （49.50±12.48） U/L，（48.91±10.11） U/L，（60.38±21.21） U/L，（15.52±1.28） s，（15.51±2.33） % and （12.20±3.05） fl，significant higher than those in 22 patients without significant liver fibrosis[（6.49±1.18） log10 IU/ml，（31.29±8.50） U/L，（28.47±6.77） U/L，（26.35±17.49） U/L，（14.10±2.31） s，（13.29±3.20） % and（10.13±3.22） fl，respectively，P<0.05]；White blood cell （WBC） counts，hemoglobin （Hb） and platelet （PLT） counts were（5.10±1.73）×10⁹/L，（123.47±12.10） g/L and（120.76±20.85）×10⁹/L，much lower than those in patients without significant liver fibrosis [（6.51±1.52）×10⁹/L，（130.85±13.10） g/L，（213.75±23.48）×10⁹/L，respectively，P<0.05]；HBV DNA， ALT， AST，GGT，PT，RDW and MPV were correlated positively with liver fibrosis stages （r=0.642，r=0.411， r=0.411，r=0.447，r=0.397，r=0.538 and r=0.486，P<0.05），while WBC，Hb and PLT were correlated negatively with liver fibrosis stages （r=-0.375，r=-0.362 and r=-0.543，P<0.05）; The regression analysis revealed that decreased PLT counts （OR=0.93，P<0.05） was significantly associated with significant liver fibrosis. Conclusion Abnormal blood cell counts and liver function indexes hints a higher risk of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To investigate the changes of blood coagulation function parameters after plasma perfusion in patients with liver failure. Methods 60 patients with liver failure were enrolled in this study between January 2014 and June 2015. All patients received plasma perfusion at the base of conventional supporting treatment. 1 to 4 plasma perfusions were conducted in each patients according to their own disease circumstance. Coagulation function indexes，including blood PTA，APTT，INR，FIB，TT，peripheral blood PLT counts and D-dimer，before the first plasma perfusion as well as 1 h and 2 h after plasma perfusion were recorded and compared. Results Blood PTA，APTT，INR，FIB and TT levels after plasma perfusion 1 h and 2 h had no difference with those before the plasma perfusion [PTA（28.41±3.09） % 1 h，（29.73±3.13） % 2 h vs. （28.57±3.17）% before；APTT （32.79±5.80） s 1 h，（31.05±5.62） s 2 h vs. （32.68±5.75） s before；INR（1.73±0.69） 1 h，（1.61±0.65） 2 h vs. （1.69±0.65） before；FIB （3.15±0.90） g/L 1 h，（3.25±0.91） g/L 2 h vs. （3.18±0.92） g/L before and TT （15.29±4.10） g/L 1 h，（14.86±4.12） g/L 2 h vs. （15.24±4.13） s before]；However，peripheral blood PLT counts and D-dimer levels after plasma perfusion 1 h and 2 h were significantly different from those before plasma perfusion[PLT count （101.59±24.92）×10⁹/L 1 h，（119.84±25.16）×10⁹/L 2 h vs. （185.43±31.0）×10⁹/L before；D-dimer（1.63±0.29） mg/L 1 h，（1.75±0.30） mg/L 2 h vs.（0.67±0.25） mg/L before，P<0.05]. Conclusion Plasma perfusion can absorb harmful substances in blood as a therapeutic approach for patients with liver failure，but we should take it into consideration that this therapy might reduce the platelet counts and interfere with the fibrinolytic function.

Objectives To investigate the efficacy of combination of adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir in treatment of elderly patients with decompensated hepttitis B-induced liver cirrhosis. Methods A total of 84 elderly patients with decompensated hepttitis B-induced liver cirrhosis in our hospital between January 2014 and January 2015 were recruited in this study. Patients were divided into two groups，and 42 patients were treated with adefovir dipivoxil combined with entecavir，and another 42 patients in the control group were treated with adefovir dipivoxil alone. The liver function index and negative rate of serum HBV DNA were compared. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） were measured by ELISA. Results At the end of 48 week treatment，serum levels of total bilirubin in combination and in adefovir-treated groups were（28.3±4.2） μmol/L and （47.4±6.2） μmol/L，ALT were （71.3±19.8） U/L and （109.7±16.1） U/L，AST were （65.3±17.4） U/L and（98.3±21.6） U/L，respectively，all having statistically significant differences（P<0.05）；the negative rates of serum HBV DNA at week 24 and week 48 in combination group was 35.7% and 61.9%，respectively，both much higher than（13.0% and 33.3%，P<0.05） in the adefovir-treated group；serum levels of TNF-α in combination and adefovir-treated group after treatment were（22.4±16.8） pg/ml and （32.8±22.3） pg/ml，respectively，and serum levels of IL-10 were（21.2±3.6） pg/ml and（16.2±3.4） pg/ml，respectively，both having statistically significant differences （P<0.05）. Conclusion Adefovir dipivoxil combined with entecavir can improve the liver function index and increase negative rates of serum HBV DNA in elderly patients with decompensated hepatitis B-induced liver cirrhosis，which is obviously superior to adefovir dipivoxil therapy alone.

Objective To investigate the etiology and endoscopic features of esophageal varices （EV）. Methods 295 patients with EV were hospitalized in Digestive Endoscopy Center，Xinjiang Autonomous Region People's Hospital between January 2014 and June 2016， and their clinical data and endoscopic manifestations were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 295 cases with EV，there were 258 cases（87.46%） resulting from liver cirrhosis，and the main etiologies were hepatitis B virus infection in 94 cases（31.86%），cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in 58 cases（19.66%），hepatitis C virus infection in 37 cases（12.54%），primary biliary cirrhosis in 23 cases （7.80%），and non-cirrhotic related etiologies in 37 cases （12.54%）；Under endoscope，mild esophageal varices were found in 61 cases，moderate in 68 cases and severe in 166 cases；Severe EV was often demonstrated by red sign（89.8%） and significantly increased the incidences of gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy；The degree of esophageal varices was correlated to gastric varices，portal hypertensive gastropathy and peptic ulcer（r=0.310，r=0.174 and r=-0.173，respectively，P<0.05）. Conclusion The major cause of portal hypertensive esophageal varices is still liver cirrhosis，and the main etiologies are hepatitis B virus-related and cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. However，non-cirrhotic etiologies also account for an important proportion. With the aggravation of esophagus varices，the incidence of gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy increase，and they must be taken into consideration in clinical practice.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the implication of miR-139 in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） and the bioinformatics analysis of its perimentally validated targets genes. Methods By analyzing the data of HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA） database，we compared the miR-139 levels in HCC tissues and its adjacent liver tissues and analyzed the association between miR-139 levels with pathological stages and survivals of patients. We also retrieved the experimentally validated target genes from the mirTarBase database，and the gene ontology（GO） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were made. Results Levels of miR-139 in HCC tissues（143.12±117.55） was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues 【（486.48±145.18），P<0.01】；The patients were stratified into 4 groups based on the levels of mir-139 and the median survival in each groups from low to high were 16.05 m，16.12 m，24.05 m and 24.19 m，respectively，and there was a significant difference among different groups （Log-rank，P<0.001）；Go function analysis revealed that miR-139 target genes were mainly regulating binding with promoters and intracellular signaling transduction and KEGG analysis indicated that these genes were mainly involved in cancer-related pathways，B and T cell receptor signaling and Ras signaling pathway. Conclusion miR-139 levels is down-regulated in HCC and is negatively correlated with pathological stages and survival of patients（both P<0.05）. Bioinformatics analysis suggest that miR-139 contributes to cancer development mainly through regulating gene transcription and cancer-related signaling pathways. The present study indicates that miR-139 plays an inhibitory role in formation and development of HCC.

Objective To investigate the implication of neutral endopeptidase （NEP） and dipeptidyl peptidase（DPP） Ⅳ in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Methods Cancerous tissues were obtained from 42 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） after hepatectomy，and 42 benign liver tissues at the same time were also obtained for control in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery，Beijing 301st Hospital between January 2008 and July 2013. The expression of NEP and DPP Ⅳin cancerous tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Patients were checked-up every 3 months after operation. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the recurrence-free survival （RFS） curves and overall survival （OS） curves. Cox proportional hazards regression multivariate analysis was performed to determine the influencing factors of RFS and OS. Results NEP and DPP Ⅳ proteins were both located in the cytoplasm of hepatocellular carcinoma cells；The positive rates of NEP protein，DPP Ⅳ protein and double NEP and DPP Ⅳ protein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were 78.6%（33/42），71.4%（30/42） and 54.8%（23/42），respectively，all significantly higher than in normal liver tissues[2.4%（1/42），4.8%（2/42） and 0.0%（0/42），P<0.05]；Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor differentiation，NEP expression，DPP Ⅳ expression，NEP and DPPⅣ co-expression，recurrence and metastasis of cancer were the prognostic factors of RFS and OS in patients with HCC；The survival curves showed that RFS and OS were significantly shortened and the prognosis was poorer in patients with NEP or DPP Ⅳ or both of them positive in cancerous tissues. Conclusion The expression of NEP and DPP Ⅳ might be the risk factors for the poor prognosis in patients with HCC.

Objective To investigate the inhibition of tumor growth and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression of bevacizumab in rats with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic neoplasma. Methods 30 SD rats were randomly divided into control，model and bevacizumab-intervened groups. The combination of tetrachloromethane and diethylnitrosamine（DEN） were used to establish liver cancer in rats. The bevacizumab or saline was given intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. The sera and liver tissues were obtained. The liver weights， surface carcinoma nodule numbers，canceration rates and liver index were detected. The VEGF expression was stained immunohistochemically. Results The liver weights，surface carcinoma nodule numbers，canceration rates and liver index were（17.51±2.53） g，（6.86±0.82），30% and（4.10±0.79） in the bevacizumab-intervened group， significantly lower than those in the model group[（23.71±3.01），（21.91±2.75），100.0% and（5.90±1.01）， respectively，P<0.05]；serum AST，ALT and TBIL levels were（101.58±19.83） IU/L，（241.52±36.58） IU/L and （62.93±3.03） μmol/L in the bevacizumab-intervened group，significantly lower than those in the model group（P<0.05）；Liver pathological examination showed that the liver injures，canceration and VEGF expression were alleviated in the bevacizumab-intervened group. Conclusions The application of Bevacizumab has a good inhibitory effect on DEN-induced canceration in rats，which warrants further study.

Objective To retrospectively analyze serum alpha-fetoprotein（AFP） and lentil lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein ratio（AFP-L3%） in the diagnosis of patients with primary liver cancer （PLC）. Methods A cohort of 7097 patients with PLC was recruited in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital between January 2015 and December 2015. At the same period，122 patients with liver cirrhosis（LC） were enrolled. Serum AFP and AFP-L3 were detected by electrochemiluminescence and lectin microcentrifugalcolunm，respectively. The positivity of AFP-L3 was defined as the ratio of AFP to L3/AFP was higher than 10%. Results Serum AFP level in 7097 patients with PLC was 61.7（5.4，1226.0） μg/L，much higher than 3.6（2.5，10.95） μg/L（P<0.05） in 122 patients with LC，and the AFP-L3 positivity was 8.2（-，26.1）%，significantly higher than in patients with LC as all were negative in the latter（P<0.05）；the accuracy in diagnosis of PLC was 63.1%，higher than 60.3% by serum AFP or 47.9% by AFP-L3 alone when either of serum AFP≥20μg/L and/or AFP-L3≥10% as the cut-off-value； the positivity of AFP-L3 increased as serum AFP levels increased；the positivity of AFP-L3 in PLC patients with negative serum AFP and in LC patients with positive serum AFP were 39.6% and 7.7%，respectively，both significantly lower than 73.7%（P<0.05） in PLC patients with positive AFP；serum AFP levels and positivities of AFP-L3 were 50.8（4.8，1015.0） μg/L and 5.3（-，24.6）% in 1976 patients with histology-proven hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC），and 74.9（4.55，39248.3）μg/L and 8.4（-，18.8）% in 6 patients with histology-proven mixed hepatoma，both higher than 【2.8（2.2，5.15）μg/L，P<0.05】 and 【-（-，-）%，P<0.05】 in 121 patients with histologically diagnosed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion Our big data confirm again AFP and AFP-L3 have a higher positive rate in PLC，and its diagnostic value is good.

Objective The study was aimed to analyze the clinical implications of splenic management in patients with primary liver cancer underwent hepatectomy. Methods Clinical data of 140 patients with primary liver cancer with underlying liver cirrhosis and hypersplenia between January，2006 and January，2016 was retrospectively analyzed. 46 patients in group A received hepatectomy and splenectomy，34 in group B received hepatectomy and splenectomy and pericardia vascular disconnection，30 in group C received hepatectomy and ligation of splenic artery，and 30 in group D received hepatectomy alone. Results The general materials，operation time，intraoperative blood loss，intraoperative blood transfusion volume in four groups had no statistical difference （P>0.05）；two weeks after treatment，blood PLT and WBC counts in group C were[（215.4±118.9）×10⁹/L and （3.36±1.23）×10⁹/L，in group D were [（176.4±105.5）×10⁹/L and（2.36±1.21）×10⁹/L，much lower than those in group A [（366.8±118.7）×10⁹/L and（7.52±1.18）×10⁹/L]，or in group B [（372.6±119.8）×10⁹/L and （7.54±1.19）×10⁹/L，P<0.05]；serum TBIL，AST and ALT levels in group D were [（37.7±5.1） μmol/L，（65.8±8.2）U/L and （75.8±10.1） U/L，much higher than those in group A[（24.8±4.8） μmol/L，（44.7±10.9）U/L and （50.1±12.2）U/L]，or in group B [（25.5±5.0）μmol/L，（45.8±9.9）U/L and （51.3±12.8） U/L]，or in group C[（24.4±5.0）μmol/L，（45.3±9.5）U/L and（50.4±11.8） U/L，P<0.05]；the percentage of CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in group D were [（28.3±5.9）% and （1.3±0.3）]，obviously lower than those in group A [（44.1±5.9）% and （2.0±0.2）]，or in group B [（43.5±6.8）% and （2.0±0.3）]，or in group C [（39.2±6.8）% and（1.9±0.2）]，and the percentage of CD8+ cells in group D was （30.3±7.8）%，obviously higher than those in group A（22.0±6.9）%，or in group B（22.4±6.5）%，or in group C（21.8±7.0）% （P<0.05）；the complication occurrence in group D was 33.3%，obviously higher than those in group A，B，C （17.4%，23.5%，20.0%，respectively）. Conclusion The proper management of spleen could significantly improve the immune function and liver function，and the life quality in patients with primary liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Antike capsule given after ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation under guidance of real time virtual sonography navigation system in the treatment of patients with hepatic rectal cancer metastases. Methods 74 patients with hepatic rectal cancer metastases were recruited in our hospital between Jan. 2012 and Jan. 2014，and the participants were randomly divided into two groups. 37 patients in control group were treated with ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation under guidance of real time virtual sonography navigation system and FOLFOX6 regimen，and another 37 were given Antike orally after radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy. All patients were followed-up for two years，and the short-term as well as long-term efficacy was evaluated with RECIST and non-progress free survival（PFS）. Results The total effective rate was 78.4% in the observation group， much higher than 62.2% in the control group （P<0.05）；There was no significant difference as respect to 1 a survival rates in the two groups （89.2% vs. 83.8%，P>0.05），while the 2 a survival rate in the observation group was 67.5%，much higher than 54.1% in the control（P<0.05）；the non-PFS in the observation was 12.4 m（95% CI 10.0～16.2），much longer than 10.1 m in the control（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Antike capsule combined with ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in treatment of patients with hepatic rectal cancer metastases has a good efficacy，and worth to study further in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the impact of different doses of contrast agent iohexol in undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography（ERCP） on liver function index and prognosis in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Methods 134 patients with malignant biliary obstruction（including 50 with cholangiocarcinoma，34 with pancreatic carcinoma and 50 with gallbladder caicinoma） underwent ERCP in our hospital between August 2013 and August 2016 were recruited in this study，and the patients were divided into low-dose of contrast agent group （n=67） and large-dose of contrast agent group（n=67）. Serum levels of ALT，AST，ALP，GGT and TBIL were determined preoperatively and postoperatively in these patients. Complications and overall survival were observed and compared between them. Results At 7 d，14 d，21 d and 28 d after ERCP，serum alanine aminotransferase levels in low-dose of iohexol were（131.3±16.9 U/L），（111.1±17.2 U/L），（104.3±13.5 U/L） and （88.1±12.9 U/L），much lower than （151.3±26.4 U/L） before ERCP （P＜0.05），while in large-dose iohexol were （150.3±16.2 U/L），（148.3±17.2 U/L），（146.3±13.4 U/L）and（146.1±12.2 U/L），no significant change as compared to （153.3±26.4 U/L） before ERCP （P>0.05）；serum ALP levels in low-dose group were（143.3 ±16.5 U/L），（121.1±17.2 U/L），（104.3±13.7 U/L） and（90.3±12.2 U/L），much lower than（163.1±31.4 U/L） before ERCP（P＜0.05），while in large-dose group were （161.1±16.5 U/L），（160.1±17.2 U/L），（158.3±13.7 u/L） and （157.1±12.2 U/L），no significant change as compared to（162.3±31.4 U/L）before ERCP （P>0.05）；the infection of biliary tract in low-dose of contrast agent group were 4.5%，significantly lower than in high-dose of contrast agent group（14.9%，P＜0.05）；the overall survival in large-dose group were（19.96±9.39） months，significantly lower than（31.2±11.4） months in low-dose of contrast agent group（P＜0.05）；multivariate analysis showed than the dose of contrast agent was an independent factor for poor prognosis （HR=2.383，95% CI 1.262～4.503，P=0.003） in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Conclusion Low-dose of contrast agent iohexol underwent ERCP does not affect liver function tests，while large-dose of contrast agent might lead to liver dysfunction and poor prognosis.

Objective To observe the effect of paravertebral anaesthesia on the postoperative algesia and inflammatory response in patients after hepatobiliary surgery. Methods There were 70 patients who underwent hepatobiliary surgery in our hospital between April 2015 and April 2016，and they were randomly divided into study and control group with 35 cases in each. Patients in the control group received general anesthesia，while the patients in the study group were given paravertebral blockade at the base of general anesthesia. Visual analogue scales （VAS） were recorded，and serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1（sTREM-1） were detected by ELISA. Result 3 h and 24 h after surgery，VAS scores in the study group were 3.3±1.6 and 2.9±0.9，much lower than those in the control group （4.3±1.9 and 3.7±1.3，respectively，P<0.05）；Serum TNF-α levels in the study group were （139.7±73.8） pg/ml and （137.6±79.2） pg/ml，significantly lower than those in the control group [（204.2±68.0） pg/ml and （231.5±77.6） pg/ml，P<0.01]； Serum levels of sTREM-1 in the study group were （221.3±79.9） pg/ml and （216.9±90.34） pg/ml，much lower than those in the control group [（279.8±125.6） pg/ml and （294.3±115.7） pg/ml，respectively，P<0.05]. Conclusion Paravertebral blockade at the base of general anesthesia may have a significantly analgesic effect and reduce the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines in patients after hepatobiliary surgery.

Objective To investigate the clinical feature and prognosis of low birth weight infants with cholestasis. Methods 162 low birth weight infants with cholestasis between June 2014 and June 2015 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed，and 143 infants had with parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis （PNAC） and 19 were not. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied for risk factors of PNAC occurrence. Results The body weight at birth in PNAC and non-PNAC infants were 【（1237.2±173.3） g vs.（1377.3±177.9） g，respectively，P<0.05】，the cumulative amount of lipid emulsion in PNAC infants was（35.7±10.5）g·kg^-1，much higher than 【（27.3±12.3）g·kg^-1，P<0.05】，amino acids was （36.6±11.2）g·kg^-1，much higher than 【（28.2±11.7）g·kg^-1，P<0.05】，the duration for PN was（30.7±14.1）d，much longer than 【（22.1±6.2）d，P<0.05】 and hospitalization stay was （51.2±11.2）d，much longer than【（37.4±10.5）d，P<0.05】 in the non-PNAC infants；the incidences of anemia and infection in children with PNAC were 85.3 % and 73.4 %，significantly higher than 68.4 % and 42.1 % in non-PNAC group（P<0.05）；Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the low weight at birth，the cumulative amount of fat and amino acids，and the duration of PN were the risk factors for the occurrence of PNAC. Conclusions There are many factors influencing the occurrence of cholestasis in low birth weight infants，and we should give them an appropriate feeding，preventing and managing complications in time，and improving them recovery.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of small incision of endoscopic sphincterotomy （SEST） and endoscopic papillary balloon dilatatio （EPBD） in treatment of patients with juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum（JPDD） and common bile duct stones. Methods 82 patients with choledocholithiasis of JPDD were divided into study group and control group， with 41 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with EST and in the study group were treated with SEST and EPBD. Results The one time success rate （90.24%） and the total success rate（95.12%） in the study group were higher than those in the control group （73.17% and 78.05%，respectively），and the mechanical lithotripsy rate was 12.20%，much lower than 31.71% in the control group （P<0.05）；the hospitalization stay in the study group was （7.98±1.14） days，much shorter than （11.03±1.39） days in the control group（P<0.05）；serum bilirubin levels in the two groups before and after operation had no significant difference （P>0.05）；The incidence rates of complications（9.76%） in the study group was lower than （36.59%） in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Small endoscopic sphincterotomy and balloon dilation in the treatment of patients with juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum accompanied by common bile duct stones has a good efficacy，with higher success rate of stone removal， shorter hospitalization stay，and lower incidence rate of complications.

Hepatitis B-induced acute on chronic liver failure（HB-ACLF） is mainly due to the immune-mediated liver injury. More and more studies have found that regulatory T （Treg） cells and T helper cell 17 （Th17） play important roles in the immunopathogenesis of HB-ACLF. Treg and Th17 originate from the same initial CD4+T cells，but restrict each other in differentiation and functions. Studies have indicated that the imbalance of Treg/Th17 ratio is closely related to the occurrence and development of ACLF. This article reviews the role of Treg/Th17 in the pathogenesis of ACLF，and provides materials in the study of immunological field of liver failure.