Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation for treatment of patients with hepatitis B-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure（ACLF）. Methods 120 patients with hepatitis B-induced ACLF at early and middle stages were recruited in this study,all of them received plasma diafiltration（PDF） at the base of conventional supporting measures,and 58 cases out of them received autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation via hepatic artery. The survival rates,activity status,MELD score,CTP grade,liver functions,clinical symptoms and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results At the end of 24 w and 48 w after transplantation,the survival rates in patients with stem cell transplantation were 70.7%and 55.2%,respectively,much higher than 51.6% and 32.2% （P<0.05） in those without;the percentages of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group（ECOG） score ≥2 were 27.5% and 12.5%,respectively,much lower than 56.3% and 40.0% （P<0.05）;at the end of 24 w,the MELD score and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min （ICGR15） were （18.6±4.1） and （20.6±8.1）%,much lower than （20.4±5.2） and （28.7±10.3）% （P<0.05）;no severe untoward effect was found in patients underwent stem cell transplantation. Conclusion Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation at the base of artificial liver support is effective in the treatment of patients with ACLF at early and middle stage,which warrants further validation.

Key words: Acute-on-chronic liver failure, Autologous bone marrow stem cells, Plasma diafiltration, Efficacy