Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to explore gene polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)in pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) . Methods 79 patients with CHB and 100 chronic HBV carriers were enrolled in our hospital between April 2021 and April 2024, and peripheral bloodgene polymorphisms of HLA (HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1)and ApoE were detected by direct gene sequencing. Results The frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0102 and HLA-DRB1*15 allelesin patients with CHB were 13.9% and 5.7%, significantly lower than 25.0% and 14.5% (P<0.05), while the frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0501, HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DRB1*03 and HLA-DRB1*07 alleleswere 20.3%, 31.7%, 9.5% and 15.8%, significantly higher than 12.5%, 20.5%, 4.0% and 7.5% in HBV carriers (P<0.05); the frequencies of ε2/3 genotype and ε2 allele of ApoE gene in patients with CHB were 15.2% and 8.2%, significantly higherthan 5.0% and 3.0% in HBV carriers (P<0.05). Conclusion The gene polymorphisms of HLA and ApoE are related to pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B. Individuals carrying HLA-DQA1*0102 and HLA-DRB1*15 alleles might protect the infection from episode, while carrying HLA-DQA1*0501, HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DRB1*03 and HLA-DRB1*07 allelesand/or ApoE ε2 allele might have more chances to breakout.

Key words: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B virus carriers, Human leukocyte antigen, Apolipoprotein E, Gene polymorphism