Objective To evaluate the effect of nucleos（t）ide analogues （NUCs） on renal functions in patients with hepatitis B virus（HBV）-induced decompensated liver cirrhosis. Methods In this cohort study，306 patients with HBV-associated decompensated cirrhosis were assigned to receive lamivudine（LAM，n=39），adefovir （ADV，n=73），telbivudine （LDT，n=34），entecavir （ETV，n=48），LDT and ADV （n=41） or LAM and ADV（n=25） treatment for three years，and 46 patients didn’t receive antiviral therapy for control. 97 patients were excluded because of loss，followed-up less than three years，or those in control at baseline received antiviral therapy. 209 patients were followed-up every 3 to 6 months. Changes of estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR），serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were analyzed. Results Among patients who received antiviral therapy，eGFR levels did not change significantly from baseline（P>0.05），but patients who received LDT or LDT and ADV combination therapy showed gradual increase in eGFR（P>0.05）；58 patients （27.8%） had mild kidney function injuries at baseline，and the normalization rates of eGFR in patients with mild renal decrease （eGFR<90 ml?min-1?1.73 m-2） at baseline were 55.6% and 50%，respectively in patients who were treated with LDT or LDT and ADV combination；The serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels did not obviously change in all patients. Conclusion LDT monotherapy or in combination with ADV is associated with improved renal function in patients with HBV-associated decompensated cirrhosis.

Objective To estimate the value of indocyanine green （ICG） clearance test in the assessment for liver reserve function in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods Fifty healthy persons were selected as control （control group），and 64 patients with liver cirrhosis were recruited for this study. ICG retention rate at 15 min （ICGR15） was measured by DDG-3300K analyzer（Japan）. Meanwhile，all the patients received test of hepatic function，routine analysis of blood and abdominal ultrasound. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh （CTP） scores were calculated for classification. Data were analyzed by linear correlation test and spearman rank correlation test. Results ICGR15 of patients with liver cirrhosis were higher than that in the controls [（28.5±18.3） % vs. （4.7±1.2）%，P<0.05]；The higher the CTP scores，the higher the ICGR15 in patients with liver cirrhosis （F=40.97，P<0.05）；ICGR15 was positively correlated with the CTP scores （r=0.650，P<0.05） and negatively correlated with hepatic blood flow （r=-0.715，P<0.05） and plasma clearance rates （r=-0.817，P<0.05）；The levels of PLT counts，PT，INR，ALT，prealbumin，albumin and total protein （TP） in patients with different ICGR15 were statistically different （F=23.44，F=14.05，F=11.13，F=33.63，F=25.3，F=10.58，F=23.51，respectively，P<0.05）；ICGR15 was positively correlated with the levels of PT and TP （r=0.537 and r=0.487，P<0.05） and negatively correlated with the levels of prealbumin，albumin and ALT（r=-0.498，r=-0.497 and r=-0.272，P<0.05），and the ICGR15 had the most significant correlation with the levels of PT and prealbumin. Conclusion The ICG clearance test can dynamically reveal liver reserve function in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Objective To explore the effect of antiviral therapy on the clinical postoperative prognosis of patients with serum HBV DNA-positive hepatitis B related cirrhosis and portal hypertension（PH）. Methods 89 patients with serum HBV DNA positive liver cirrhosis and PH were randomly divided into intervention group（n=49） receiving selected splenectomy and entecavir，and control group（n=41） receiving selected splenectomy alone. The liver function tests，serum HBV DNA levels，Child-Pugh scores，liver fibrosis markers were routinely obtained， and the survival rates were observed. Results At the end of 1 month and 3 month after surgery，the serum HBV DNA levels in intervention group were （5.79±1.78） lgcopies/L and （4.24±1.61） lgcopies/L，respectively，while it didn’t change in the control group （P<0.01）；The serum alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels in intervention group decreased，albumin increased as compared to those in control（P<0.01）；the survival rates at 1 a and 3 a in invention group were 93.7% and 75.0%，much higher than 87.9% and 68.3%，in the control （P＜0.05）. Conclusions Antiviral therapy after selected splenectomy in PH patients with positive HBV DNA can promote the 1iver function recovery and better clinical prognosis.

Obiective To analyze the efficacy and the predictive factors of peginterferon α-2a （PEG-IFNα-2a） and adefovir dipivoxil （ADV） combination therapy in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B （CHB）. Methods 196 CHB patients positive for HBeAg were divided into PEG-IFNα-2a monotherapy group （n=64），ADV monotherapy group（n=66），and PEG-IFNα-2a plus ADV combination therapy group （n=66）. All patients were treated for 48 weeks. Serum INF-γ and IL-10 levels were detected by ELISA. Results At the end of 48 weeks，the serum HBV DNA loss，HBeAg negative，HBeAg seroconversion and ALT normalization rates in PEG-IFNα-2a plus ADV group（74.2%，24.2%，48.5% and 80.3%） were significantly higher than in ADV group （62.1%，13.6%，9.1% and 65.2%，P<0.05） and in PEG-IFNα-2a group（53.1%，10.9%，29.7% and 54.7%，P<0.05）； Serum INF-γ levels in combined treatment group [（45.3±11.3） pg/ml] were significantly higher than in ADV group [（36.3±11.5） pg/ml，P<0.05] and in PEG-IFNα-2a group [（37.1±10.3） pg/ml，P<0.05]；Serum IL-10 levels in combined treatment group [（10.3±14.6） pg/ml] were significantly lower than in ADV group [（18.3±10.5） pg/ml，P<0.05] and in PEG-IFNα-2a group [（17.1±11.3） pg/ml，P<0.05]；Serum HBeAg seroconversion rate in combined treatment group at the end of 48 weeks was associated with the negative rate of HBeAg at 24 weeks，e.g. greater than 89.1% reduction of serum HBeAg levels at 24 weeks than baseline had a positive predictive value of 88.7%，negative predictive value of 81.9%，sensitivity of 83.1% and specificity of 87.9%. Conclusion The efficacy of pegylated interferon α-2a combination with adefovir dipivoxil therapy is superior to monotherapy of either of them in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients and the reduction of HBeAg levels at 24 weeks could predict the efficacy of 48 weeks.

Objective To investigate the three-year followed-up virologic and serological response of serum HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving telbivudine treatment. Methods Ninety-one serum HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B received monotherapy of telbivudine 600 mg orally once daily for continuous treatment of 3 years. The virologic，serologic and biochemical response were observed，and the related factors affecting virological and serologic response after treatment were analyzed. Results At the end of 3 year treatment，serum HBV DNA loss was 86.8%，serum HBeAg clearance rate was 70.3%，and HBeAg seroconversion rate was 34.1% in this series；By hierarchical analysis，serum HBV DNA loss，serum HBeAg clearance，and HBeAg seroconversion rates at the end of three years in 46 patients with serum HBV DNA<500 copies/ml at 24th week treatment were much higher than those in 45 with serum HBV DNA>500 copies/ml at 24th week （100.0% vs. 73.3%，95.7% vs. 44.4%，and 65.2% vs. 2.2%，respectively，P<0.05）；HBeAg seroconversion rates at the end of three year treatment in 41 patients younger than 30 year old and 37 female patients were much higher than in 50 patients older than 30 year old and 54 male patients（48.8% vs. 22.0%，and 48.6% vs. 24.1%，P<0.05）；The Logistic regression analysis showed that age and gender were the independent predicting factors for 3-year HBeAg seroconversion rate. Conclusion Continuous telbivudine treatment can effectively suppress HBV replication in HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. The patients with serum HBV DNA loss at the end of 24th week treatment，younger and female patients might have more choice for virologic and serologic response in HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving telbivudine therapy.

Objective To explore the clinical features of patients with Wilson’s disease and hyperbilirubinemia. Method Twenty-four patients with Wilson’s disease and twenty-eight with chronic hepatitis B of severe degree were included in this study. The manifestation and routine laboratory tests were collected. The peripheral blood ATP7B gene mutations in exon 8， 12， 13 and 16 were analyzed by direct sequencing. Results The patients with WD had the features of significantly younger（33.2 vs. 41.8 yr old，P=0.049），longer delay diagnosis time（8.2 vs. 1 month，P<0.001） as compared to patients with hepatitis B；the total urine copper in 24 hours was significantly elevated [（919.83±1017.15） μg vs. （204.79±191.85） μg，P<0.001]；the patients with WD had significantly higher serum glutamyltranspeptidase level [（175.74±245.99） U/L] as compared with in patients with hepatitis B[（133.44±115.95） U/L，P=0.004]，which had a positive correlation with 24 hours total urine copper drainage（r=0.552，P=0.012）；all the patients with WD were positive for ATP7B mutation，while only 4 patients with hepatitis B positive. Conclusion Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels may be useful for screening patients with WD and jaundice，and the 24 hour urine copper excretion is an important index for differential diagnosis from severe chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of entecavir in treatment of patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV）-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Methods All randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of entecavir versus lamivudine in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure published in January 2006 to September 2014 were collected by searching PubMed，Cochrane Library，CBMdisc，Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI），Chinese VIP database and WanFang database. The quality assessment of literatures and the extraction of information were accomplished by two independent reviewers. Statistical analyses were performed with RevMan 5.1 software. Results Seven eligible trials including 823 patients were included. According to the results of meta-analysis，the mortality rates of patients in entecavir groups were significantly lower than that of patients in lamivudine groups when the treatment lasted for more than 6 months [RR=0.75，95%CI （0.60，0.95），P<0.05]；the negative conversion rates of serum HBV DNA in patients of entecavir groups were significantly higher than that of patients in lamivudine groups when the treatment lasted for 2 to 3 months and more than 6 months[RR=1.47，95%CI（1.29，1.68），P<0.05;RR=1.48，95%CI（1.30，1.67），P<0.05]，and the virological breakthrough rate of patients in entecavir groups was significantly lower as compared to that of patients in lamivudine groups [RR=0.07，95%CI（0.01，0.54），P<0.05]. No serious adverse events were observed in the entecavir groups. Conclusion Entecavir leads to lower long-term mortality rate and virological breakthrough rate than lamivudine in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure，providing a better option for the long-term antiviral therapy.

Objective To observe the efficacy of individualized treatment strategy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods A total of 179 patients with chronic hepatitis C were recruited in this study. 65 received pegylated interferon α-2a （PegIFN α） and ribavirin，and 114 received IFN α-1b. All patients were treated for 48 weeks and followed-up for 24 weeks. According to the patient's age，body weight，serum HCV load and HCV genotype，the dose of interferon was modulated. Results At the end of follow-up，rates of rapid virologic response （RVR），early virologic response（EVR） and sustained virologic response in 65 patients receiving pegIFN α were 47.7%，92.3%，93.8%，much higher than those in IFN α-1b-treated patients （58.8%，76.3%，80.7%， respectively，P<0.05）；the RVR，EVR and SVR in 43 patients receiving normal doses of pegIFN α-2 were 46.5%，97.7% and 100.0%，without significant difference as compared to 50.0%，81.8% and 81.8% in 22 patients with decreased dose of pegIFN α-2（P>0.05）；the RVR，EVR and SVR in 69 patients receiving normal dose of IFN α1b were 60.9%，76.8% and 82.6%，without significant difference compared to 55.6%，75.6% and 77.8% in 45 patients receiving decreased dose of IFN α1b（P>0.05）；the RVR，EVR and SVR in 14 patients with low viral load receiving pegIFN α-2a were 64.3%，85.7% and 85.7%，without significant difference compared to 43.1%，94.1% and 96.1% in 51 patients with high viral load（P>0.05）；the RVR，EVR and SVR in 24 patients with low viral load receiving IFN α1b were 54.2%，66.7% and 70.8%，without significant difference compared to 60.0%，78.9% and 81.1% in 90 patients with high viral load（P>0.05）；the RVR，EVR and SVR in 41 patients with hepatitis C viral genotype 1 infection receiving pegIFN α-2a were 31.7%，97.6% and 97.6%，significantly different with 75.0%，87.5% and 87.5% in 24 patients with non-genotype 1 infection（P<0.05）；the RVR，EVR and SVR in 81 patients with genotype 1 infection receiving IFN α1b were 46.9%，82.7% and 87.6%，significantly different with 66.7%（P<0.05），75.7%（P>0.05） and 78.8% （P>0.05） in 33 with non-genotype 1 infection. Conclusion According to baseline characteristics，tolerability and HCV genotype，the standardized antiviral regimen should be optimized， which might get a higher virologic response and improve the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Objective To explore the prevalence of serial autoimmune antibody associated with liver diseases in patients with acute drug-induced liver injury（ADILI）. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted over 104 patients with ADILI，admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from June 2002 to March 2012，and the prevalence of liver disease-related autoimmune antibody were analyzed. Results The positive rate of liver disease-related autoantibodies in 104 cases was 54.81%;Among the positive patients，ANA was positive in 47 cases （45.19%） and ASMA in 15 cases （14.42%）；The high ANA titer （≥1:320） accounted for 34.04% in ANA-positive cases；Two antibodies positive accounted for 26.32% in 57 antibody-positive cases，and ANA/ASMA was the most common；Serum ANA/AMA/AMA-M2 positive accounted for 8.77% in 57 antibody-positive cases；Female had higher antibody positive rate than male did，and the antibody positive rate was higher in patients with hepatocellular injury pattern than those in cholestatic or mixed pattern. Conclusions The prevalence of liver disease-related antibodies was positive in more than half the patients with ADILI，especially common in females and cases of hepatocellular injury pattern. Clinician should keep an open eye on differential diagnosis.

Objective To study the skelp and Taijiquan （shadowboxing） in treatment of elderly patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases complicated by hypertension. Methods Fifty-eight elderly patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases complicated by blood hypertension from our hospital affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine were included from September 2013 to July 2014 in this study. 29 patients received the conventional medicine，and another 29 exercised with skelp and Taijiquan（shadowboxing） at the base of conventional therapy. All individuals were followed-up for 10 months. Results At the end of ten months，the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with exercise decreased from（168.2±5.3） mmHg and （95.8±7.2） mmHg at presentation to（139.6±6.5） mmHg and（86.0±5.5） mmHg，respectively（P＜0.05），much lower than in the control [（146.1±6.5） mmHg and（91.0±6.2） mmHg，P＜0.05]；the fasting plasma glucose，serum total cholesterol，triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were（3.8±1.2） mmol/L，（4.2±0.9） mmol/L，（1.2±0.4） mmol/L and（1.2±0.2）mmol/L，much lower than in the control[（4.3±1.4） mmol/L，（4.4±0.5） mmol/L，（1.3±1.2） mmol/L and（1.6±0.1） mmol/L，respectively，P＜0.05]；the improvement of blood biochemical parameters in patients with exercise was more obvious than in the control（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Conclusion Skelp and Taijiquan（shadowboxing） at the base of medical support are beneficial for elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and hypertension，which might be popularized and applied in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with primary liver cancer （PLC），and the current states of clinical diagnosis and multi-disciplinary team（MDT） management in clinical practice. Methods The clinical data of 5390 patients with PLC enrolled in our general hospital in south China from 1st Jan， 2010 to 30th Dec，2013 were retrieved，and we reviewed the patient's gender，age，etiology，qualitative detection of serum HBeAg，HBV DNA and alpha fetoprotein（AFP） levels，Child-Pugh class，Barcelona clinic liver cancer （BCLC） stages and the strategy of treatment for them. Results The median age of 5390 patients was 53-year-old，while male persons accounted for 87.4% and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection was 84.15%；serum AFP positive（≥20 μg/L） accounted for 65.63%，and in HBeAg positive patients was 76.95% （671/872），much higher than that in HBeAg negative patients [54.11%（685/1266），P<0.01]；serum HBV DNA positive （≥1.0×103IU/ml） was 70.73 %（1022/1445）；as for pathological classification，the hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） ranked first （84.7%）；the patients with BCLC stage C was 41.0% and B 31.0%；only 10% of PLC patients received comprehensive treatment；There were 56（5.3%） out of 1051 patients at initial admission，and 28 （2.7%） at repeated admission receiving MDT therapy；the hospitalization fee for conventional management was 28 thousand RMB，which was reduced by 6.83% to 26 thousand for MDT treatment. Conclusion The patients with PLC are often with underlying chronic HBV infection and are likely to be in advanced stage when hospitalized. The MDT should be recommended for their diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the expression of HBsAg and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha （HNF4α） in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） tissues. Methods The liver cancerous tissues of 256 individuals with HBV-associated HCC from 2008 to 2013 in You-An Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. The expression of HBsAg，HNF4α and glypican-3（GPC-3） were immunohistocamically stained. Results 12（4.7%）out of 256 were found HBsAg positive in tumor tissues; the HBsAg-positive rates in 39 well-differentiated，119 moderately and 98 poorly （2%，2/98） differentiated cancerous tissues were 20.5%（P<0.05），1.7% and 2.0%，respectively；the positive rates of HNF4α in well-differentiated tumor was 65.6%（21/32），much higher than in moderately or poorly differentiated cancerous tissues[18.8%（3/16），P<0.001]；11 （91.7%）out of 12 HBsAg positive caner were HNF4α positive，much higher than 36.1% （P<0.05） in 36 with HBsAg negative；the expression of GPC-3 was positive in 4 moderately or poorly differentiated cancerous tissues. Conclusion The low expression of HNF4α might be related to the low expression of HBsAg in HBV-associated HCC tissues，which means the expression of HBsAg should be assisted by the existence of HNF4α.

Objective To observe the change of collagen in the development of liver cancer in mice with N-nitrosodiethylamine（DEN）-induced liver cancer. Methods Forty BALB/c mice were fed with DEN solution at concentration of 30 mg/ml for routine beverage. Three mice were sacrificed at w 0，w 4，w 8，w 12，w 16，w 20 and week 24 after DEN solution feeding，and the liver tissues were collected each time and embedded in paraffin for pathological examination. The collagen fibers were stained by sirius red staining. The integrated optical density（IOD） of samples were obtained by Image-Pro Plus 6.0. Results The liver cancer was successfully induced at week 20 after DEN intervention as confirmed by pathological check-up；The IOD levels of collagen in liver tissues at week 4 was（97.610±18.640），significantly lower than at week 8[（377.054±63.668），P＜0.05]；the IOD at week 8 was （377.054±63.668），significantly lower than at week 12[（625.875±110.846），P＜0.05]；the IOD at the end of week 16 was（847.289±53.473），significantly lower than at week 20 [（1671.301±292.593），P＜0.01]；the IOD at week 20 was（1671.301±292.593），significantly lower than at week 24[（3968.450±138.949），P＜0.01]. Conclusions During the development of liver cancer，the amount of collagen fiber in liver tissues increases gradually， which might be involved in the carcinogenesis.

Objective To observe the effect of malotilate on the expression of the key signal conducting molecule smad3，smad4 and smad7 in rats with dimenthylnitrosamine（DMN）-induced hepatic fibrosis. Methods Sixty SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups，e.g. control，model，malotilate-and colchicine-treated group，with 15 in each. The hepatic fibrosis model was made by intraperitoneal injection of DMN，and rats were administered by gavage for 6 weeks. The Smad3，Smad4，Smad7 mRNA and their proteins were measured by real time PCR and Western blot，respectively. Results The Smad3 and smad4 mRNA and Smad3 and smad4 protein were（0.38±0.09），（0.29±0.08） and （0.16±0.05），（0.16±0.07）in the control，obviously decreased than in model group [0.84±0.08），（0.76±0.11） and （1.01±0.12），（0.94±0.11），P＜0.05]；the Smad7 mRNA and its protein in control group were（0.73±0.14）and （0.44±0.15），much higher than in the model group [（0.22±0.08）and （0.17±0.08），P＜0.05]；the Smad3 and smad4 mRNA and their proteins in malotilate group were [（0.52±0.10），（0.40±0.10） and （0.51±0.08），（0.41±0.09），significantly lower than in model P＜0.05] and the Smad7 mRNA and its protein in malotilate group were （0.48±0.09） and （0.39±0.10），significantly increased than in the model （P<0.05）. Conclusions Malotilate can inhibite hepatic fibrosis induced by DMN in rats，and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Smad3 and smad4 and up-regulation of Smad7 expression.

Objective To study the protective effects of Huazhirougan granule on liver tissue injuries of mice with alcohol and lipopolysaccharide-induced alcoholic hepatitis. Methods Eighty mice were randomly divided into control，model，and low，middle and high dose of Huazhirougan granule，and Hugan tablet group. Except in the control group，the mice in other five groups had 56% alcohol by intragastric administration once daily，and intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide twice a week，and then intragastricly administered corresponding drugs in the afternoon for 10 weeks. The serum levels of ALT，AST，CK，γ-GT，ALP，TBIL，TG，TC，HDL-C and LDL-C were measured. The liver tissues were fixed by formaldehyde，routine paraffin section，and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results The liver mass index，serum ALT and AST levels in the model group increased significantly [（5.77±0.67）%，（82.22±6.20） U/L and （93.43±17.30） U/L] vs. [（4.44±0.42） %，（35.83±3.84） U/L and （66.43±5.14） U/L，P<0.05] as compared with in control group; the serum levels of transaminase in the low，middle， and high dose of Huazhirougan granule group，and Hugan tablet group decreased significantly as compared to those in model group（P<0.001）;The serum CK levels in the low，middle，and high dose of Huazhirougan granule group，and Hugan tablet group were（118.93±10.15） U/L，（102.33±8.07） U/L，（119.45±19.26） U/L，（104.00±8.15） U/L，significantly decreased as compared with in model group [（227.50±50.10） U/L，P<0.001]；The serum bilirubin levels also decreased significantly as compared with in model group（P<0.01）. Conclusion Huazhirougan granule can protect the alcoholic liver injuries in mice with alcohol and lipopolysaccharide- induced alcoholic hepatitis.

The aim of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B is for a long-term to restrain or eliminate hepatitis B virus. Although the nucleos（t）ide analogues have excellent antiviral efficacy，but the therapy has the risk of rhabdomyolysis，lactic acidosis，nephrotoxicity and Fanconi syndrome. These adverse reactions are related to NAs -related mitochondrial toxicity. In this review，the safety of NAs in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B will be discussed.

Interferon-alpha（IFN-α） plays a antiviral role mainly through inhibiting virus replication and regulating immune function. In clinical practice，the effective rate of IFN-αtreatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB） is only 30% to 40%. There are many factors，such as serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT） level，hepatic pathological status，immune function， genetic background，and viral genotype，virus mutation，serum level of HBV DNA，HBsAg，HBeAg and HBcAb，which can predict the efficacy of IFN-αtherapy. We should take a variety of factors into consideration when we predict the efficacy of IFN-αtreatment in order to optimize the therapy regimen and to improve the viral response.

The abnormal expression of estrogen is found in many kinds of chronic liver diseases，and the changes of serum estrogen may be the results of disease progress，and might participate in the development of various chronic liver diseases. The influence of estrogen in viral hepatitis，autoimmune liver diseases and liver cancer is reviewed in this paper.

Hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） is the main cause of death in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis，which is characterized by hidden onset，short lifetime and high mortality. It was recently identified that vitamin D，binding with its receptor，may play an important role in anti-tumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis and differentiation. This paper mainly reviewed the recent studies on mechanism of vitamin D and its receptor in inhibiting carcinogenesis，as well as the relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and vitamin D analogue in patients with HCC，in order to provide clinical application in the treatment of HCC.