Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the prophylactic antibiotics in the treatment of patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding.Method 168 liver cirrhosis patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding were randomly assigned to the antibiotic prophylaxis group（n=87）and control group（n=81）without antibiotics.Results There were statistical differences between the data in the antibiotic prophylaxis group and the control as respect to bleeding period（16.7±13.6h vs.22.1±17.4h）,the incidence of rebleeding（8.1%/22.2%）,the average amount of blood transfusion（564±437ml/941±482ml）,the incidence of the nosocomial infection（13.8%/65.4%）,the average hospitalization days（11.5±4.3d/13.0±5.4d）and the average hospitalization costs（13807.0±3293.4 yuan/15910.9±4632.2 yuan）;There was no statistical difference between the mortality（4.6% vs.8.6%）in the two groups. Conclusion Using antibiotic prophylaxis in gastroesophageal variceal bleeding patients can draw a better outcomes.

Key words: Liver cirrhosis, Gastroesophageal varices, Bleeding, Antibiotic prophylaxis