JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL HEPATOLOGY ›› 2014, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 340-344.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2014.04.002
• Orignal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Han Tao, Nie Caiyun.
Received:
2014-04-28
Online:
2014-08-30
Published:
2016-04-11
Han Tao, Nie Caiyun.. Pathogenesis of ascites formation in liver cirrhosis[J]. JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL HEPATOLOGY, 2014, 17(4): 340-344.
[1] Runyon BA,Montano AA,Akriviadis EA,et al. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Ann Intern Med,1992,117(3):215-220. [2] Gines P,Quintero E,Arroyo V,et al. Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognostic factors. Hepatology,1987,7(1):122-128. [3] Tandon P,Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial infections,sepsis,and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis,2008,28(1):26-42. [4] Planas R,Montoliu S,Balleste B,et al. Natural history of patients hospitalized for management of cirrhotic ascites. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2006,4(11):1385-1394. [5] Schrier RW. Pathogenesis of sodium and water retention in high-output and low-output cardiac failure,nephrotic syndrome,cirrhosis,and pregnancy. N Engl J Med,1988,319(17):1127-1134. [6] Lieberman FL. Overflow theory of ascites formation. Gastroenterology,1989,96(1):274. [7] Gattoni A,Marotta F,Vangieri B,et al. Hepatorenal syndrome. Clin Ter,2004,155(9):375-389. [8] Schrier RW. Decreased effective blood volume in edematous disorders:what does this mean J Am Soc Nephrol,2007,18(7):2028-2031. [9] Arroyo V,Colmenero J. Ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis:pathophysiological basis of therapy and current management. J Hepatol,2003,38 (Suppl 1):S69-89. [10] Iwakiri Y. Pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Clin Liver Dis,2014,18(2):281-291. [11] Iwakiri Y,Groszmann RJ. Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis. J Hepatol,2007,46(5):927-934. [12] Bosch J. Vascular deterioration in cirrhosis: the big picture. J Clin Gastroenterol,2007,41(Suppl 3):S247-253. [13] Iwakiri Y. Endothelial dysfunction in the regulation of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Liver Int,2012,32(2):199-213. [14] Iwakiri Y,Groszmann RJ. The hyperdynamic circulation of chronic liver diseases:from the patient to the molecule. Hepatology,2006,43(2 Suppl 1):S121-131. [15] Gracia-Sancho J,Lavina B,Rodriguez-Vilarrupla A,et al. Enhanced vasoconstrictor prostanoid production by sinusoidal endothelial cells increases portal perfusion pressure in cirrhotic rat livers. J Hepatol,2007,47(2):220-227. [16] Graupera M,March S,Engel P,et al. Sinusoidal endothelial COX-1-derived prostanoids modulate the hepatic vascular tone of cirrhotic rat livers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2005,288(4):G763-770. [17] Kim MY,Baik SK,Lee SS. Hemodynamic alterations in cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Korean J Hepatol,2010,16(4):347-352. [18] Perri RE,Langer DA,Chatterjee S,et al. Defects in cGMP-PKG pathway contribute to impaired NO-dependent responses in hepatic stellate cells upon activation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2006,290(3):G535-542. [19] Taura K,De Minicis S,Seki E,et al. Hepatic stellate cells secrete angiopoietin 1 that induces angiogenesis in liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology,2008,135(5):1729-1738. [20] Liu H,Schuelert N,McDougall JJ,et al. Central neural activation of hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertensive rats depends on vagal afferent nerves. Gut,2008,57(7):966-973. [21] Wiest R. Splanchnic and systemic vasodilation:the experimental models. J Clin Gastroenterol,2007,41(Suppl 3):S272-287. [22] Ferguson JW,Dover AR,Chia S,et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase activity contributes to the regulation of peripheral vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut,2006, 55(4):542-546. [23] Abraldes JG,Iwakiri Y,Loureiro-Silva M,et al. Mild increases in portal pressure upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the intestinal microcirculatory bed,leading to a hyperdynamic state. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2006,290(5):G980-987. [24] Fernandez M,Mejias M,Angermayr B,et al. Inhibition of VEGF receptor-2 decreases the development of hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and portal-systemic collateral vessels in portal hypertensive rats. J Hepatol,2005,43(1):98-103. [25] Iwakiri Y,Tsai MH,McCabe TJ,et al. Phosphorylation of eNOS initiates excessive NO production in early phases of portal hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2002,282(6):H2084-2090. [26] Licata A,Corrao S,Petta S,et al. NT pro BNP plasma level and atrial volume are linked to the severity of liver cirrhosis. PLoS One,2013,8(8):e68364. [27] Bolognesi M,Di Pascoli M,Verardo A,et al. Splanchnic vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol,2014,20(10):2555-2563. [28] Lopez-Parra M,Claria J,Planaguma A,et al. Cyclooxygenase-1 derived prostaglandins are involved in the maintenance of renal function in rats with cirrhosis and ascites. Br J Pharmacol,2002,135(4):891-900. [29] Chung SH,Jun DW,Kim KT,et al. Aquaporin-2 urinary excretion in cirrhosis:relationship to vasopressin and nitric oxide. Dig Dis Sci,2010,55(4):1135-1141. [30] Noda Y. Dynamic regulation and dysregulation of the water channel aquaporin-2:a common cause of and promising therapeutic target for water balance disorders. Clin Exp Nephrol, 2013,Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print] [31] Huang YY,Sun JY,Wang JY,et al. Terlipressin resolves ascites of cirrhotic rats through downregulation of aquaporin 2. J Int Med Res,2012,40(5):1735-1744. [32] Fabrega E, Berja A,Garcia-Unzueta MT,et al. Influence of aquaporin-1 gene polymorphism on water retention in liver cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol,2011,46(10):1267-1274. [33] Sakaida I,Kawazoe S,Kajimura K,et al. Tolvaptan for improvement of hepatic edema:A phase 3,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial. Hepatol Res,2014,44(1):73-82. [34] Chung C,Iwakiri Y. The lymphatic vascular system in liver diseases:its role in ascites formation. Clin Mol Hepatol,2013, 19(2):99-104. [35] Ribera J,Pauta M,Melgar-Lesmes P,et al. Increased nitric oxide production in lymphatic endothelial cells causes impairment of lymphatic drainage in cirrhotic rats. Gut,2013,62(1):138-145. [36] Rincon D,Vaquero J,Hernando A,et al. Oral probiotic vsl#3 attenuates the circulatory disturbances of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Liver Int,2014. Mar 24. [Epub ahead of print] |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||