Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combination in the treatment of patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis. Methods A total of 85 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis were enrolled in this study between May 2016 and July 2020, 41 patients received LCBDE and LC combination, and another 44 patients received endoscopic sphincterotony (EST) under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and LC. All patients were followed-up for 12 months. The visual analogue scales (VAS) score was applied to evaluate post-operational pain, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets was assayed by FCM. Results There were no significant differences respect to the surgical success rates and stone residual rates between the two groups (97.6% vs.93.2% and 2.4% vs. 6.8%, P>0.05), the usage rate of analgesic pumps and VAS score were 36.6% and (2.5±0.5), both significantly lower than 59.1% and (3.1±0.6) in the control (P<0.05), and the stone recurrence rate as confirmed by sonography one year after operation in the observation group was 2.4%,significantly lower than 15.9% in the control (P<0.05); there were no significant differences respect to biochemical parameters between the two groups two weeks after operation (P>0.05); the percentages of peripheral blood CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells as well as the ratio of D4⁺/CD8⁺ cells in the observation group were (52.8±7.1)%, (40.3±7.5)%, (21.0±5.2)% and (1.9±0.3), not significantly different as compared to [(54.7±6.9)%, (41.0±7.2)%, (22.5±5.6)% and (1.8±0.3), respectively, P>0.05] in the control; there was no significant difference in the incidence of post-operational complications between the two groups (2.4% vs. 9.1%, P>0.05). Conclusion The surgical success rate of LCBDE and LC combination in the treatment of patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis is high, and is still a good approach for the management of patients with this kind of entity.

Key words: Cholecystolithiasis, Choledocholithiasis, Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Therapy