Abstract: Objective To investigate the impact of maternal serum anti-hepatitis B surface antibody （anti-HBs） on their newborn response to hepatitis B vaccination. Method 60 pregnant women （31 with serum anti-HBs positive and 29 negative） and their single newborns were recruited between June 2012 and June 2013 in this study,and the fetuses were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine instance,1 month and 6 months after birth. All the fetuses were followed-up for three years. Results At the end of one year followed-up,the nonresponse, lower response,normal response and strong response rates in children with their mother's serum anti-HBs positive were 12.9%,22.6%,29.0% and 35.5%,without significant differences as compared to 10.3%,20.7%,37.9% and 31.0%（P>0.05） in children with their mother's serum anti-HBs negative;at the end of 3 year followed-up,serum anti-HBs positive in children with their mother's serum anti-HBs positive were 87.1%,no significant difference as compared to 89.7% （P>0.05） in children with their mother's serum anti-HBs negative;serum anti-HBs levels represented by geometric average concentration （GMC） in children with their mother's serum anti-HBs positive and negative were 74.3（6.3~854.0） mIU/ml and 73.6 mIU/ml（3.4~950.6） mIU/ml,respectively,no significant difference（P>0.05）,while they both decreased as compared to serum levels of their own at the end of one year [1162.1（164.5~3202.3） mIU/ml and 1104.2 mIU/ml（153.0~2584.7） mIU/ml,respectively,P<0.05];serum HBsAg and anti-HBc were all negative in the 60 children,and boosting vaccination were completed in seven children with serum anti-HBs negative,and six responded. Conclusion Inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine in newborn infants in accordance with the current national vaccination plan can definitely protect them from hepatitis B viral infectoin. Maternal serum anti-HBs might not obstacle the immune response of their newborns to hepatitis B vaccination.

Key words: Newborns, Hepatitis B vaccine, Anti-HBs, Mother