Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of combination inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin（HBIG） on blocking mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in newborn with serum HBsAg/HBeAg-positive mothers. Methods 712 newborns with serum HBsAg（n=304） or HBsAg/HBeAg-positive （n=408） mothers were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine （n=356） or hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG combination（n=356）. The children were followed-up for ten years. Results Serum anti-HBs positive rates were 89.3%,87.6%,81.1%,83.7% and 76.3% in 56 children at age of 1-2 yr,234 at of 3-4 yr,249 at of 5-6 yr,135 at of 7-8 yr and 38 at of 9-10 yr,and serum HBsAg positive rates were 0.0%,0.4%,0.4%,1.5% and 2.6%,respectively,without significant differences among the five groups（P>0.05）;serum anti-HBs positive rate in combination inoculation group was 84.3%,much higher,while serum HBsAg positive rate was 3.1%,much lower than in hepatitis B vaccine inoculation group（64.3% and 15.2%,respectively,P<0.05）;in children with serum double HBsAg/HBeAg positive mothers,serum HBsAg positive rate in 246 children with combination inoculation was 1.6%,much lower than 11.7% （P<0.05） in 162 children with hepatitis B vaccine inoculation alone,while in children with serum HBsAg positive mothers,there was no significant difference as respect to their serum HBsAg positive rates（2.7% vs. 6.2%,P>0.05） in 110 children with combination and 194 with hepatitis B vaccine inoculation. Conclusions The hepatitis B vaccine combined with HBIG inoculation in newborns with serum double HBsAg/HBeAg positive mothers might block HBV mother to child transmission,which is worthy of clinical observation.

Key words: Hepatitis B vaccine, Hepatitis B immunoglobulin, Mother-to-child transmission, Blocking