Abstract: Objective The aim of this study is to compare the impact of interferon alpha and nucleos（t）ide analogues in treating patients with chronic hepatitis B on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods A series of patients with chronic hepatitis B（CHB） aged 30 to 60 years old were enrolled between January 2007 and December 2010 in our hospital. 210 patients with CHB were treated with interferon alpha 2b（IFN-α2b） for 72 weeks, 222 with nucleos（t）ide analogues（NAs） as a long-term treatment and 136 cases didn’t received antiviral therapy. All the patients were followed-up for six years. All data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistics software. Results At the end of 72 week treatment,serum HBeAg positivity rate in IFN-α2b-treated group was much lower than in NAs-treated or in non-antiviral group（P<0.05）,while serum HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase levels in NAs-treated group were much lower than in IFN-α2b-treated group or in non-antiviral group（P<0.05）;serum chileglycine,collagen peptide Ⅲ,Ⅳ collagen,hyaluronic acid and laminin levels in IFN-α2b-or NAs-treated group were not significantly different（P>0.05）,while all were much lower than in non-antiviral group（P<0.05）;At the discontinuation of six year follow-up,the incidence of HCC in non-antiviral group was 16.91%（23/136）,much higher than 9.46%（21/222,x²=4.345,P=0.037） in NAs-treated or 0.0% （0/210,x²=38.044,P=0.000） in IFN-α2b-treated group,and the incidence of HCC in NAs-treated group was much higher than in IFN-α2b-treated group（x²=20.880,P=0.000）. Conclusions The efficacy of IFN-α2b therapy on HCC occurrence in patients with CHB is much stronger than NAs treatment.

Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatitis B, Interferon α, Nucleos（t）ide analogues, Therapy