Abstract: Objective This study aimed to compare clinical efficacy and safety of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), and selective LC after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of patients with cholelithiasis and concomitant choledocholithiasis. Methods A total of 89 consecutive patients with cholelithiasis and concomitant choledocholithiasis were encountered in our hospital between May 2022 and June 2025, of them, 44 patients in observation group underwent LC and LCBDE, and 45 patients in control received selective LC after ERCP. Post-operational pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was routinely detected. Results Baseline clinical materials, including age, gender, body mass index, diameters of common bile ducts, numbers of stones and total serum bilirubin levels, between the two groups were comparable(P>0.05); one-time stone clearance rate in the observation group was 97.7%, much higher than 80.0%(P<0.05) in the control, and restoration of bowel function time and hospital stay were (2.1±0.6)d and (7.2±1.8)d, both much shorter than [(3.0±0.7)d and (10.4±2.3)d, respectively P<0.05] in the control; by 48 h after operation, VAS score in the observation was (2.3±0.8), much less than [(3.1±0.9), P<0.05] in the control, and by 4 days after surgery, serum CRP level was (6.9±3.1)mg/L, much lower than [(12.8±5.6)mg/L, P<0.05] in the control; incidence of post-operational complications was 15.9%, much lower than 40.0%(P<0.05) in the control group. Conclusion We believe that both LC and LCBDE, or LC after ERCP could be selected for dealing with patients with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis, which should be carried out depending on both patient’ condition and technical skills.

Key words: Cholelithiasis, Choledocholithiasis, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Therapy