Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical features of infants with human cytomegalovirus （HCMV) infection and of infantile hepatitis syndrome（IHS）.Methods 212 infants with HCMV infection, 194 infants with HIS and 194 healthy infants were recruited in our hospital between September 2015 and July 2017. Urine HCMV DNA was detected by PCR,and serum anti-HCMV IgM was assayed by ELISA.Results The incidences of fever,rash and lymphadenectasis in infants with HCMV infection were 82.1%,45.3% and 50.5%,significantly higher than 34.5%,21.1% and 33.5% in infants with IHS,respectively（P<0.05）,while jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly were 45.8% and 37.3%,much lower than 100.0% and 67.5%,respectively,in infants with IHS（P<0.05）;urine HCMV DNA positive rate was 80.7% and serum anti-HCMV-IgM positive rate was 41.0% in infants with HCMV infection,significantly higher than 8.2% and 3.6% in infants with IHS or 1.5% and 0.5% in healthy infants（P<0.05）;serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels in the two groups were not significantly different（P>0.05）,while serum bilirubin level in infants with HCMV infection at presentation was （32.6±8.4） μmol/L,which decreased to normal level after treatment,and serum bilirubin level in infants with IHS at presentation was （73.9±8.6） μmol/L,which decreased to （37.6±5.4） μmol/L two weeks after treatment;at the end of six month followed-up,five （2.4%） died of pulmonary infection or cardiac failure in infants with HCMV infection and all infants with IHS recovered. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of infants with HCMV infection are characterized by fever rash and lymphadenectasis,obviously different from those with IHS,in which the jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly are outstanding. The HCMV infection might lead to IHS in infants,and the severe case might be fatal, while the outcomes of infants with IHS is good.

Key words: Infant hepatitis syndrome, Human cytomegalovirus infection, Clinical feature, Prognosis