Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery and conventional surgery in the treatment of patients with biliary calculi. Methods The clinical data of patients with biliary calculi in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients in observation group（n=92） underwent laparoscopic minimally invasive procedure，while in the control group（n=67） was treated by conventional open surgery. The clinical efficacy and safety of these two methods were compared. Results The operation durations，times for the recovery of gastrointestinal functions，and postoperative hospital stays in observation group were shorter than those in control group[（65.32±11.67） min vs. （92.80±13.55） min，（11.73±6.59） h vs. （32.86±8.29） h，and （5.7±2.3） d vs. （9.6±1.9） d，respectively，P<0.05 for all]；the amounts of bleeding during surgery and the volumes of postoperative drainage were lower in observation group as well[（34.62±10.85） ml vs. （62.31±13.76） ml，（17.25±5.34） ml vs. （36.87±6.04） ml，respectively，P<0.05 for both]；However，the hospitalization expense in observation group was higher than that in control group[（6320.5±775.0） yuan vs.（4971.4±896.3） yuan，P<0.05]；Postoperative complications，such as postoperative bleeding，infection at incision，choledocholithiasis， hepatogenic pancreatitis，biliary leakage and bile duct injury，occurred in both groups，but the incidences of postoperative bleeding，infection，and hepatogenic pancreatitis in observation group（3.26%，2.17%，and 2.17%，respectively），were significantly lower than those in control group（13.43%，10.45% and 13.43%，respectively，P<0.05 for all）；The incidences of choledocholithiasis，biliary leakage and bile duct injury in both groups were of no difference. Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery has been proved clinically effective and safe in the treatment of patients with biliary calculi，and is worth practicing.

Key words: Biliary calculi, Laparoscopic surgey, Conventional open surgery, Clinical efficacy