Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of one-step and step-by-step laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the treatment of patients with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones. Methods 152 patients with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones were admitted to our hospital between January 2016 and June 2019, 87 patients received one-step surgery, e.g., LC and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), and 65 patients received step-by-step surgery, e.g., endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/papillary endoscopic sphincterotomy (ERCP/EST) and afterward LC.Results The total surgical time and postoperative catheter placement rate in patients with one-step surgery were (156.3±42.6)min and 98.9%, significantly longer or higher than [(124.4±31.4)min and 15.4%, P<0.05] in patients receiving step-by-step surgery, while the hospital stay and hospitalization cost were (14.4±3.9)d and (27.9±7.0)thousand yuan, significantly shorter or lower than(18.7±4.2)d and(31.24±5.8)thousand yuan (P<0.05) in the latter; there were no statistically significant differences in the surgical success rate and stone clearance rate between the two groups (95.4% vs. 93.1% and 100.0% vs. 96.9%, respectively, P>0.05); the incidence rate of reflux cholangitis in one-step-treated patients was significantly lower than step-by-step surgery-treated patients (0.0% vss 7.7%, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups (19.5% vs. 32.1%, P>0.05).Conclusion Both the one-step and step-by-step with patients with gallbladder surgery are efficacious in dealing stones and common bile duct stones, and under some circumstances, the one-step surgery might eradicate the stones rapidly and get a good efficacy.

Key words: Gallbladder stones, Common bile duct stones, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Therapy