Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to investigate clinical efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) plus atezolizumab in the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 112 patients with unresectable HCC were encountered in our hospital between March 2022 and April 2024, and were randomly assigned to receive RFA in 56 cases, or receive FRA plusatezolizumab combination therapy. Serum interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), interleukin-10(IL-10)and IL-4 levels were detected by ELISA, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were determined by FCA, and quality of life (QOL) was assessed byQLQ-C30 questionaire. Results After treatment, disease control rate and Objective remission rate in the combination group were89.3% and 57.1%, both much higher than 64.3% and 35.7%(P<0.05) in the control; serum IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 levels were(255.3±10.2)ng/mL, (45.3±5.4)μg/mL and (25.5±3.2)μg/mL, all significantly higher than [(229.9±10.0)ng/mL, (34.6±4.3)μg/mL and (20.2±2.8)μg/mL, respectively, P<0.05], while serum TGF-β1 level was (21.2±3.7)μg/mL, significantly lower than [(28.2±3.0μg/mL,P<0.05] in the control group; percentages of peripheralblood CD3⁺ and CD4⁺T cells, and ratio ofCD4⁺/CD8⁺cells were (64.1±5.1)%, (33.8±2.8)% and (1.3±0.2), all significantly higher than[(57.9±5.0)%, (29.0±2.7)% and (1.0±0.2), respectively,P<0.05] in the control; improvement of quality of life in the combination group was much superior to that in the control(P<0.05); incidence of adverse effect in the combination group was 33.9%, much higher than 12.5%(P<0.05) in the control group. Conclusion RFA plus atezolizumab therapy is efficaciousin the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC, with significant improved QOL, which might be related to body immune modulation.

Key words: Hepatoma, Atezolizumab, Radiofrequency ablation, Therapy