筛查献血者丙型肝炎病毒感染研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5069.2015.01.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是一种单股正链RNA病毒,全长约9.6 kb,开放读框区编码结构蛋白和非结构蛋白。全球HCV感染率约为3%,是一种严重威胁人类健康的传染病,在献血者中进行HCV筛查是防控丙型肝炎病毒传播的最有效手段。目前,检测HCV感染的方法主要包括抗HCV抗体检测、HCV抗原检测、HCV抗原-抗体联合检测、胶体金法快速检测、HCV分子核酸检测等。抗体检测应用最早,但窗口期较长;抗原检测能缩短窗口期,敏感性高,但易受到体内因素的干扰而影响检测结果。一些快速检测方法不需要任何设备,且简便易行,但其敏感性较差。分子检测使用的HCV RNA扩增技术（NAT）是目前最敏感的检测技术,能大大缩短窗口期,但其检测成本较为昂贵。各检测方法各有其优缺点。目前,血液中心采用至少两种不同试剂检测抗HCV以进行血液的安全筛查。

关键词: 丙型肝炎病毒, 输血后肝炎, 核酸扩增试验, 献血者

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is a single-stranded RNA virus that is about 9.6 kb. Its open reading frames encoding structural proteins and non-structural proteins. HCV infection is approximately 3% worldwide. It is one of the most serious infection diseases that threaten human health. Screening tests in blood donors is the most effective means to prevent the communication of HCV. The current methods for screening tests include detection of HCV antigen,anti-HCV antibody,HCV antigen-antibody complex,and HCV genes. Antigen detection is the initial screening test and it detects seroconversion after a long infectious window period. The detection of HCV core antigen might shorten the window period and has a high sensitivity,but interference by immunoglobulins in vivo influence its widespread uses. Rapid tests is simple to perform,but its sensitivity is low. Molecular testing for HCV RNA utilizing nucleic acid amplification technology （NAT） is the most sensitive assay and can shorten the window period,while the costs is very expensive. Each screening tests for HCV infection has its advantages and disadvantages. Currently,the blood centers are using at least two different reagents to detect HCV antibodies for blood screening.

Key words: Hepatitis C virus, Post-transfusion hepatitis, nucleic acid amplification technology, Blood donors

张佳娟, 李平. 筛查献血者丙型肝炎病毒感染研究进展[J]. 实用肝脏病杂志, 2015, 18(1): 109-112.

Zhang Jiajuan, Li Ping. Screening tests for hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors: does it safe or not?[J]. JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL HEPATOLOGY, 2015, 18(1): 109-112.

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